马克思主义科技观视域下数智时代人的主体性重构

The Reconstruction of Human Subjectivity in the Intelligent-Digital Era from the Perspective of the Marxist View of Science and Technology

摘要: 数智时代的迅猛发展正在重塑社会生产方式，极大地提升了人的主体性能力和社会生产力。然而，科学技术的进步也使人的主体性面对算法异化等新型危机。现有研究多从技术赋能或异化的路径展开，缺乏对人社会关系根源的系统阐释。基于此，本文运用马克思主义科技观的基本原理，分析数智时代人的主体性危机的生成机制，指出算法治理、数据资本化与平台劳动使人的主体性在数字化过程中呈现出隐蔽化、结构化等异化形态。结合中国数智化发展的实践，探讨以实现公共利益为核心导向的马克思主义科技观如何通过制度嵌入实现人的主体性的积极重构。研究认为，只有在社会主义制度框架下重构技术与人的关系，才能实现技术由支配人向服务人的根本转变。

Abstract: The rapid development of the intelligent-digital era is reshaping modes of social production, greatly enhancing human subjective capacities and social productivity. However, advances in science and technology have also exposed human subjectivity to new forms of crisis, such as algorithmic alienation. Existing studies have mostly approached this issue from the perspectives of technological empowerment or alienation, yet they still lack a systematic explanation of its roots in human social relations. Based on this, this paper applies the fundamental principles of the Marxist view of science and technology to analyze the generative mechanism of the crisis of human subjectivity in the intelligent-digital era. It points out that algorithmic governance, data capitalization, and platform labor have caused human subjectivity to exhibit concealed and structural forms of alienation in the process of digitalization. In light of China’s intelligent-digital development practices, the paper further explores how the socialist view of science and technology, oriented toward the realization of public interest, can achieve the positive reconstruction of human subjectivity through institutional embeddedness. The study argues that only by reconstructing the relationship between technology and human beings within the framework of the socialist system can the fundamental transformation of technology from dominating humans to serving humans be realized.