马克思实践逻辑思维转向的前提性批判——基于《黑格尔法哲学批判》导言

The Premise Criticism of Marx’s Practical Logical Thinking Turn—Based on the Introduction of “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”

摘要: 本文旨在探讨马克思实践逻辑思维转向的前提性批判，以《黑格尔法哲学批判》导言为核心文本。文章认为，马克思的这一转向是其哲学理论的关键节点。通过系统性地剖析马克思对三个思想前提的批判，文章阐述了这一转向的理论基础：首先，解构了黑格尔唯心主义法哲学体系，指出了其物质与意识关系颠倒、历史终点论和辩证法唯心主义本质的困境；其次，批判了青年黑格尔派将社会变革寄托于抽象观念批判的局限性，揭示了他们脱离社会现实的根本缺陷；最后，反思了费尔巴哈人本学唯物主义，认为其缺乏实践维度的改造路径，指出费尔巴哈在历史观上的唯心主义。文章最终得出结论，马克思通过这一系列批判，完成了从解释世界到改造世界的哲学转向，确立了以实践为核心的唯物史观，并赋予了无产阶级以历史使命，为后来的理论奠定了基础。

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the premise criticism of Marx’s practical logical thinking turn, with the introduction of “Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right” as the core text. This paper holds that Marx’s turn is the key node of his philosophical theory. By systematically analyzing Marx’s criticism of the three ideological premises, this paper expounds the theoretical basis of this turn: first, it deconstructs Hegel’s idealistic legal philosophy system, and points out the dilemma of the reversal of the relationship between material and consciousness, the theory of historical end point and the essence of dialectical idealism; secondly, it criticizes the limitations of the young Hegelians who place social change on the criticism of abstract concepts, and reveals the fundamental defects of their separation from social reality. Finally, it reflects on Feuerbach’s humanistic materialism, believes that it lacks the transformation path of practical dimension, and points out Feuerbach’s idealism in historical view. The article finally concluded that through this series of criticisms, Marx completed the philosophical turn from explaining the world to transforming the world, established a historical materialism with practice as the core, and gave the proletariat a historical mission, laying the foundation for later theories.