反映、认知与变革：马克思主义文艺功能观的三维阐释

Reflection, Cognition and Transformation: A Three-Dimensional Interpretation of the Marxist View on the Function of Literature and Art

摘要: 马克思主义文艺功能观以唯物史观为基础，系统阐释了文艺的多重社会功能。反映功能回答“文艺从哪里来”，揭示物质生产的决定性作用与文艺的能动再现；认知功能回答“文艺让我们知道什么”，说明文艺以形象方式揭示社会本质与人性内涵；变革功能则回答“文艺改变什么”，强调其唤醒自我意识、揭示矛盾并推动实践的力量。三者辩证统一，为理解文艺与社会的关系提供了系统的理论框架。

Abstract: The Marxist view on the functions of literature and art is based on the materialist historical perspective and systematically expounds the multiple social functions of literature and art. The reflection function answers the question “Where does literature and art come from”, revealing the decisive role of material production and the active reenactment of literature and art; the cognitive function answers the question “What do literature and art make us know”, explaining that literature reveals the essence of society and the connotations of human nature through images; the transformative function answers the question “What does literature and art change”, emphasizing its power to awaken class consciousness, reveal contradictions, and promote practice. These three functions are dialectically unified, providing a systematic theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between literature and society.