马克思主义辩证法的现实性与批判性研究

On the Actuality and Criticality of Dialectics from the Perspective of Marxist Philosophy

摘要: 在马克思主义哲学视域中，辩证法的现实性与批判性是其理论本质与活力源泉。现实性要求立足具体社会历史条件、物质生产方式与现实矛盾，摒弃抽象思辨，在具体总体中把握发展规律。批判性植根于辩证法的否定性与变革向度，在肯定现存事物的同时揭示其内在矛盾与异化形态，对资本逻辑、物化现象与意识形态展开深刻批判。二者辩证统一，现实性为批判奠定客观基础，批判性为超越现实提供理论方向。马克思主义辩证法由此实现解释世界与改造世界的统一，在当代资本主义批判与替代性社会模式的探索中始终具有重要理论与实践价值。

Abstract: Within the horizon of Marxist philosophy, the actuality and criticality of dialectics constitute its theoretical essence and source of vitality. Actuality demands grounding in concrete socio-historical conditions, material modes of production and real contradictions, rejecting abstract speculation to grasp developmental laws within concrete totality. Criticality is rooted in the negativity and transformative dimension of dialectics, revealing internal contradictions and alienated forms of existing realities while affirming them, thus conducting an in-depth critique of capital logic, reification and ideology. The two are dialectically unified: actuality lays the objective foundation for critique, and criticality provides theoretical direction for transcending reality. Marxist dialectics thereby achieves the unity of interpreting the world and changing the world, retaining enduring theoretical and practical significance in contemporary critiques of capitalism and the exploration of alternative social models.