数据安全法益视角下数据犯罪的刑法规制

Criminal Law Regulation of Data Crimes from the Perspective of Data Security Legal Interest

摘要: 随着数字化时代的到来，数据已成为社会进步和经济发展的关键要素。对于数据犯罪刑法应当如何作出回应成为理论聚焦的重要议题。当下数据犯罪研究中存在概念模糊不清的问题，应当认识到数据与计算机系统和信息等概念存在本质区别，不可混淆使用。我国刑法在数据犯罪的规制上存在不足，如存在数据全流程保护不力、数据犯罪构成要件认定模糊等问题。为了有效应对数据犯罪，应当首先厘清数据犯罪所侵害的法益，以独立的数据安全法益为中心，确立数据的独立地位，实现数据全流程保护，并区分数据犯罪与其他相关犯罪。

Abstract: With the advent of the digital age, data have become a key element for social progress and economic development. How criminal law should respond to data crimes has emerged as a significant issue in theoretical discussions. Current research on data crimes suffers from conceptual ambiguity, and it is essential to recognize that data is fundamentally distinct from concepts such as computer systems and information, and should not be used interchangeably. China’s criminal law exhibits deficiencies in regulating data crimes, including insufficient protection throughout the entire data lifecycle and unclear criteria for determining the constitutive elements of data crimes. To effectively address data crimes, it is necessary first to clarify the legal interests infringed upon by such crimes. Centering on independent data security legal interests, the independent status of data should be established, comprehensive protection throughout the data lifecycle should be achieved, and data crimes should be distinguished from other related offenses.