敏感皮肤综合征的形成机制及体外评价方法 研究进展

Research Progress on the Pathogenesis and In Vitro Evaluation Methods of Sensitive Skin Syndrome

摘要: 敏感皮肤综合征(Sensitive Skin Syndrome, SSS)是皮肤受到某些刺激后虽无明确皮损但伴随刺痛、瘙痒等感觉为特征的临床常见问题，其形成机制及功效评价是化妆品领域的重点研究方向之一。本文系统综述了SSS的研究现状，阐明其主要由皮肤屏障功能障碍、神经感觉异常、免疫炎症失衡及皮肤微生态异常等多维的诱发机制协同驱动。同时详细梳理了体外评价技术的发展脉络，对比分析了单一细胞模型、多细胞共培养模型及3D重组皮肤模型在敏感皮肤评价中的应用及优劣。结合行业趋势，本文提出未来应深入探索“神经–免疫–屏障”细胞间通讯的关键分子通路，致力于构建高度还原SSS生理微环境的体外评价体系，旨在为舒缓类化妆品的靶点研究、精准研发与功效评价提供科学的理论支撑与技术参考。

Abstract: Sensitive skin syndrome (SSS) is a common clinical condition characterized by subjective symptoms, such as stinging and itching, triggered by various stimuli in the absence of visible skin lesions. Its underlying mechanisms and efficacy evaluation have become major research topics in the field of cosmetic science. This review systematically summarizes the current understanding of SSS and highlights that its pathogenesis is driven by the synergistic interplay of multiple mechanisms, including skin barrier dysfunction, neurosensory abnormalities, immune-inflammatory dysregulation, and cutaneous microbiota imbalance. In addition, recent advances in in vitro evaluation techniques are comprehensively summarized, and the applications, strengths, and limitations of single-cell models, multicellular co-culture models, and three-dimensional reconstructed skin models for sensitive skin assessment are systematically compared. In light of current industry trends, this review suggests that future studies should further investigate the key molecular pathways involved in intercellular communication within the “neuro-immune-barrier” network and prioritize the development of in vitro evaluation systems that closely recapitulate the physiological microenvironment of SSS. Such efforts are expected to provide a solid scientific basis and technical guidance for target identification, precision product development, and efficacy evaluation of soothing cosmetic products.