旅游扩张下的传统村落空间形态演变——以皇都村为例

Spatial Morphology Evolution of Traditional Villages under Tourism Expansion—Huangdu Village as an Example

摘要: 传统村落是我国农耕文明和地域文化的重要载体，是乡村多元发展路径探索的重要部分。乡村旅游出现，给传统村落带来了新的发展方式。在旅游带动当地经济快速发展的同时，传统村落的环境、社会、形态等也发生了改变。为了探究旅游扩张下传统村落的空间形态演变问题，本文基于高分影像和高德地图的POI (Point of Interest，兴趣点)点数据，采用空间句法以及核密度分析方法，对2009、2015和2021年的湖南怀化皇都村的点、线、面状空间形态进行了量化及可视化分析。结果表明：① 受旅游介入影响，皇都村村落边界扩张趋势与旅游区域扩张走向大体一致。② 旅游扩张下，村落集聚性加强，道路可达性提高，整体与局部发展联系紧密，路网大致框架保持一致，村落空间肌理受到良好保护。但其内部可理解度较低，游客较难通过局部空间准确感知整体空间格局。③ 村落空间节点呈现跃迁增长，多核模式下的多个核心影响区域面积不断扩大，新的节点集成区在东部形成，多核模式下的核心分布从集聚于村落西部转向村落东西方协调分散。研究有利于为皇都村及旅游介入型传统村落的空间形态演变探究提供一定的参考与借鉴，同时为旅游扩张下传统村落的保护与发展提供一定的可行性建议。

Abstract: Traditional villages are important carriers of China’s agricultural civilization and regional culture, and they are an essential part of the exploration of diverse development paths in rural areas. The emergence of rural tourism has introduced new development pathways for traditional villages. While tourism drives rapid local economic growth, it simultaneously brings changes to the environment, social structure, and spatial morphology of traditional villages. To investigate the spatial morphology evolution of traditional villages under tourism expansion, this study employs spatial syntax and kernel density analysis methods, utilizing high-resolution imagery and Amap POI (Point of Interest) data to quantify and visualize the point, line, and area spatial morphologies of Huangdu Village in Huaihua, Hunan Province, for the years 2009, 2015, and 2021. The results indicate: ① Driven by tourism development, the boundary expansion trend of Huangdu Village is generally consistent with the expansion direction of tourism areas. ② Under tourism expansion, village agglomeration intensifies, road accessibility improves, the connection between overall and local development becomes closer, the basic framework of the road network remains intact, and the village spatial texture is well preserved. However, its internal intelligibility is relatively low, making it difficult for visitors to accurately perceive the overall spatial structure through local spaces. ③ Village spatial nodes exhibit explosive growth, with the areas of multiple core influence zones under the multi-core model continuously expanding. New node integration areas emerge in the eastern part, and the distribution of cores under the multi-core model shifts from concentration in the western part of the village to a coordinated dispersion between the eastern and western parts. This research provides a reference for the study of spatial morphology evolution in Huangdu Village and other tourism-driven traditional villages, while also offering feasible recommendations for the protection and development of traditional villages under tourism expansion.