面向乘客需求实时响应的定制公交线路优化

Optimization of Customized Bus Routes Based on Passengers’ Dynamic Demand

摘要: 针对定制公交运营阶段新增乘客请求实时、随机到达，传统静态线路方案难以及时响应的问题，研究基于乘客动态需求响应的定制公交线路优化方法。在静态线路规划结果基础上，采用滚动时域策略，将动态调度过程划分为若干连续决策周期；结合可行插入判定，构建以系统综合成本最小为目标的乘客–车辆加权二部图匹配模型，并通过引入虚拟节点与权值转换，利用KM算法求解各周期最优匹配方案。以济南市主城区早高峰通勤场景为例进行验证，所提方法能够在保证既有乘客服务质量的前提下，提高新增请求响应能力，降低系统综合成本，可为定制公交动态调度提供理论参考和方法支持。

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the traditional static route scheme cannot respond timely to the real-time and random arrival of new passenger requests during the operation of customized buses, this paper studies a customized bus route optimization method based on passengers’ dynamic demand response. On the basis of the static route planning results, a rolling horizon strategy is adopted to divide the dynamic scheduling process into several consecutive decision cycles. Combined with feasible insertion judgment, a passenger-vehicle weighted bipartite graph matching model is constructed with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive system cost. By introducing virtual nodes and weight transformation, the KM algorithm is used to solve the optimal matching scheme for each cycle. Taking the morning peak commuting scenario in the main urban area of Jinan City as an example for verification, the proposed method can improve the response ability to new requests and reduce the comprehensive system cost on the premise of ensuring the service quality of existing passengers, which can provide theoretical reference and method support for the dynamic scheduling of customized buses.