绿色囊泡的跨界调控：果蔬来源细胞外囊泡在疾病防治中的新策略

Cross-Border Regulation of Green Vesicles: A New Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases Using Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Fruits and Vegetables

摘要: 果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡是近年来发现在果蔬植物中天然存在的纳米级细胞外囊泡，具有脂质双层膜结构，携带蛋白质、脂质、核酸等生物活性分子。相对于其他细胞外囊泡，果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡源于日常食用的果蔬，不仅成本低、获取相对容易，而且解决了患者对治疗和环境危害的担忧。这些细胞外囊泡展现出卓越的生物相容性、低免疫原性和良好的肠道稳定性，能够通过参与调控细胞间通讯、影响多种疾病进程而发挥治疗作用。本文系统地阐述了果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡的形成、疾病治疗机制及作为药物递送载体等方面的最新研究进展，特别关注其在抗炎、抗肿瘤、代谢性疾病治疗中的应用潜力，并探讨了当前挑战和未来发展方向。尽管面临诸多挑战，但基于对果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡的疾病疗法的未来前景看好。持续的研究以及跨学科的合作对于充分挖掘基于果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡的天然疾病治疗的潜力至关重要，也为果蔬来源的细胞外囊泡的临床转化提供理论依据和技术参考。

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles derived from fruits and vegetables are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that have been discovered to naturally exist in fruit and vegetable plants in recent years. They have a lipid bilayer membrane structure and carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Compared to other extracellular vesicles, fruit and vegetable-derived extracellular vesicles are derived from daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. They are not only low-cost and relatively easy to obtain, but also solve patients’ concerns about treatment and environmental hazards. These extracellular vesicles exhibit excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and good intestinal stability, and can exert therapeutic effects by participating in the regulation of intercellular communication and affecting the progression of various diseases. This article systematically elaborates on the latest research progress in the formation of extracellular vesicles derived from fruits and vegetables, disease treatment mechanisms, and their use as drug delivery carriers. Special attention is paid to their potential applications in anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and metabolic disease treatment, and current challenges and future development directions are discussed. Despite facing many challenges, the future prospects of disease therapies based on extracellular vesicles derived from fruits and vegetables are promising. Continuous research and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for fully tapping into the potential of natural disease treatments based on fruit and vegetable-derived extracellular vesicles, and providing a theoretical basis and technical references for the clinical translation of fruit and vegetable-derived extracellular vesicles.