非对称车轮磨耗下的车辆服役性能分析

Analysis of Vehicle Performance under Asymmetric Wheel Wear

摘要: 为研究车轮非对称磨耗对车辆运行的影响，建立并求解轮轨接触有限元模型以考虑车轮踏面不对称磨耗对车轮型面的影响。结合实测车轮踏面数据并基于Archard磨耗模型的车轮磨耗仿真模型，研究车轮非对称磨耗下轮轨接触关系、车轮踏面磨耗的分布及等效锥度。研究结果发现非对称磨耗下两侧轮轨接触点位置变化明显，非对称磨耗下对应的等效锥度增加明显，且当轮对横移量超过8.5 mm时，非对称磨耗呈明显上升趋势。之后进行动力学仿真，结果发现车轮处于非对称磨耗下会导致一侧受到相对较大的应力，加剧车轮两侧的不对称磨耗，导致轮轨接触关系变化，从而降低了列车的动力学性能。

Abstract: To investigate the impact of asymmetric wheel wear on vehicle operation, a finite element model of wheel-rail contact was established and solved to account for the influence of asymmetric tread wear on the wheel profile. Integrating measured wheel tread data with a wheel wear simulation model based on the Archard wear model, this study examined the wheel-rail contact relationship, tread wear distribution, and equivalent conicity under asymmetric wheel wear conditions. Research findings reveal significant changes in the positions of wheel-rail contact points on both sides under asymmetric wear conditions. Correspondingly, the equivalent taper increases markedly under asymmetric wear. Furthermore, when the lateral displacement of the wheelset exceeds 8.5 mm, asymmetric wear exhibits a pronounced upward trend. Subsequent dynamic simulations revealed that asymmetric wheel wear induces relatively higher stresses on one side, exacerbating uneven wear across both sides. This alters the wheel-rail contact relationship, thereby degrading train dynamic performance.