基于减磨液介质黏着规律的防滑控制策略优化研究

Research on Anti-Slip Control Strategy Optimization Based on Adhesion Characteristics of Anti-Wear Fluid Medium

摘要: 针对城市轨道交通车辆在减磨液介质导致的低黏着轨面条件下制动时易发生滑行、黏着利用不足等问题，本文基于绕行式轮轨黏着模拟试验台开展减磨液介质工况下的轮轨黏着特性试验，获取了20~80 km/h速度范围内的黏滑曲线。通过最小二乘法拟合构建了反映“双峰值”特性的三维轮轨黏着模型，揭示了减磨液介质下黏着系数随滑移率和速度的变化规律。在此基础上，提出一种小滑移与大滑移相结合的复合防滑控制策略：在低速阶段将滑移率控制在0.06附近以利用第一峰值黏着，在高速阶段以速度差20 km/h为阈值切换至大滑移控制以利用第二峰值黏着，并设定50 km/h为控制模式切换点。基于Simulink建立列车纵向动力学模型进行仿真验证。结果表明：与纯小滑移控制相比，所提优化策略的平均利用黏着提升14.2%，制动距离缩短9%，同时减少了制动缸频繁充排气动作，提高了防滑控制的经济性与可靠性。研究成果可为减磨液等低黏着介质条件下的列车防滑控制参数整定提供理论依据。

Abstract: To address the problems of prone sliding and insufficient adhesion utilization during braking of urban rail transit vehicles under low-adhesion rail surface conditions caused by anti-wear fluid medium, this paper conducts wheel-rail adhesion characteristic tests under anti-wear fluid medium conditions based on a circulating wheel-rail adhesion simulation test rig, and obtains adhesion-slip curves in the speed range of 20~80 km/h. A three-dimensional wheel-rail adhesion model reflecting the “double-peak” characteristic is constructed by least squares fitting, revealing the variation law of adhesion coefficient with slip ratio and speed under an anti-wear fluid medium. On this basis, a composite anti-slip control strategy combining small slip and large slip is proposed: in the low-speed stage, the slip ratio is controlled around 0.06 to utilize the first peak adhesion; in the high-speed stage, a speed difference threshold of 20 km/h is used to switch to large slip control to utilize the second peak adhesion, and 50 km/h is set as the control mode switching point. A train longitudinal dynamics model is established based on Simulink for simulation verification. The results show that compared with pure small slip control, the proposed optimization strategy increases the average utilized adhesion by 14.2%, reduces braking distance by 9%, and reduces frequent charging and exhausting actions of the brake cylinder, thereby improving the economy and reliability of anti-slip control. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for parameter tuning of train anti-slip control under low-adhesion medium conditions such as anti-wear fluid.