安徽宣城福川吴语词汇研究

Vocabulary Characteristics of Xuancheng Fuchuan Dialect

摘要: 福川方言是宣州吴语片中相对独立、极具特色的一种方言。本文通过田野调查法、描写法与比较法相结合，系统展示福川方言的词汇特点，通过深入探讨福川方言与普通话的差异，得出以下四点认识：(1) 福川方言词汇在语素选择与音节构成上与普通话差异显著；(2) 福川方言词汇义位多于普通话的现象较为普遍；(3) 福川方言词汇保留了大量的古语词，古典气息浓厚；(4) 福川方言新老派之间存在词汇使用上的差异。本文旨在为宣州吴语词汇研究提供详实的语料，也为濒危方言的保护与研究提供参考。

Abstract: Fuchuan dialect is a relatively independent and distinctive variety within the Xuanzhou Wu dialect area. This paper employs field investigation, descriptive analysis, and comparative methods to systematically examine the vocabulary characteristics of Fuchuan dialect. By exploring the differences between Fuchuan dialect and Mandarin Chinese, four major findings are drawn: (1) Fuchuan dialect differs significantly from Mandarin in terms of morpheme selection and syllable structure; (2) The number of sememes in Fuchuan dialect tends to exceed that of Mandarin; (3) Fuchuan dialect retains a considerable number of archaic words with a strong classical flavor; (4) There exist notable differences in vocabulary usage between the older and younger generations of Fuchuan dialect speakers. This study aims to provide detailed linguistic data for research on Xuanzhou Wu dialect vocabulary and to contribute to the preservation and documentation of endangered dialects.