佤语差比句的类型与语义分析

Types and Semantic Analysis of Comparative Sentences in Wa Language

摘要: 本文以云南省孟连县富岩镇等嘎拉村使用的佤语为研究对象，该地佤语属于阿佤方言大曼糯土语。通过田野调查的第一手语料，系统分析等嘎拉佤语差比句的结构要素、类型划分及语序特征。研究发现，等嘎拉佤语差比句具有以下类型学特征：1) 比较结果(形容词)前置的语序；2) 单一优势语序(A + M + ST)占主导；3) 双重比较标记(pi + khiŋ)在复句中出现频率较高，且句法位置严格受限；4) 差比句的否定形式通过否定副词或反义形容词实现；5) 比较差值通过程度副词或零形式表达，体现语用预设差异。本研究首次系统性地揭示了佤语方言差比句的特征，为南亚语系语言的类型学研究贡献了新的实证材料。

Abstract: This study examines the Daman Nuo dialect of the Wa language, spoken in Dengagala Village, Menglian County, Yunnan Province. Using firsthand field data, it systematically analyzes the structural elements, typological classification, and word order characteristics of comparative sentences in Dengagala Wa. The study reveals that comparative sentences in Denggala Wa exhibit the following typological features: 1) Adjective fronting emphasizes the comparative result; 2) A single dominant word order (A + M + ST) prevails; 3) The dual comparative marker (pi + khiŋ) frequently appears in complex sentences with strictly constrained syntactic position; 4) Negative forms are realized through negative adverbs or antonymic adjectives; 5) The degree of difference is expressed through adverbs of degree or zero forms, reflecting pragmatic presuppositional distinctions. This study systematically reveals the characteristics of comparative sentences in the Wa dialect for the first time, contributing new empirical evidence to the typological research of Austroasiatic languages.