生成式人工智能侵权问题研究

Research on Generative Artificial Intelligence Infringement Issues

摘要: 生成式人工智能技术的快速发展，重塑知识生产、内容创作与社会交互模式，在推动数字经济发展的同时，也催生出规模化、复杂化、隐蔽化的新型侵权风险，对传统民事侵权责任体系、著作权保护制度、人格权保障机制形成全方位冲击。当前我国针对生成式人工智能侵权的法律规制存在明显滞后性，责任主体界定模糊、侵权事实认定困难、归责原则适用存疑、责任分担规则缺失、损害救济途径单一等现实困境，成为制约产业健康发展与民事主体合法权益保障的障碍。本文立足生成式人工智能的技术特性与侵权现状，梳理国内外典型侵权案例，精准剖析侵权规制的多重现实困境，借鉴欧盟、美国等域外成熟立法与治理经验，结合我国司法实践与产业发展需求，从责任主体界定、归责原则完善、侵权事实认定、责任分配优化、损害救济体系构建、立法监管升级等维度，提出针对性、可落地的制度完善建议，旨在破解生成式人工智能侵权治理难题，平衡技术创新与权益保护，为相关司法裁判统一、立法规范完善提供坚实的理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technology has reshaped the models of knowledge production, content creation, and social interaction. While propelling the development of the digital economy, it has also given rise to new types of infringement risks characterized by large scale, complexity, and concealment, exerting an all-round impact on the traditional civil tort liability system, copyright protection regime, and personality right safeguard mechanism. Currently, China’s legal regulation of generative AI-related infringement exhibits obvious lag, with practical dilemmas such as ambiguous identification of liability subjects, difficulties in ascertaining infringement facts, doubts about the application of liability principles, lack of liability sharing rules, and a single channel for damage remedies. These issues have become obstacles restricting the healthy development of the industry and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects. Based on the technical characteristics and infringement status of generative AI, this paper combs through typical domestic and foreign infringement cases, accurately analyzes the multiple practical dilemmas in infringement regulation, and draws on mature legislative and governance experiences from foreign jurisdictions such as the European Union and the United States. Combining China’s judicial practice and industrial development needs, the paper puts forward targeted and actionable suggestions for system improvement from dimensions including the identification of liability subjects, the improvement of liability principles, the ascertainment of infringement facts, the optimization of liability allocation, the construction of a damage remedy system, and the upgrading of legislative supervision. The purpose is to address the governance challenges of generative AI-related infringement, balance technological innovation and rights protection, and provide solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the unification of relevant judicial decisions and the improvement of legislative norms.