体位护理联合流程优化方案对降低患者肠内营养误吸风险的回顾性研究

A Retrospective Study on the Effect of Postural Nursing Combined with Process Optimization Scheme on Reducing the Risk of Enteral Nutrition Aspiration in Patients

摘要: 目的：回顾性分析体位护理联合流程优化方案在新疆医科大学第六附属医院内分泌科接受肠内营养支持患者中的应用效果，探讨其对降低误吸风险的临床价值，为内分泌科肠内营养护理提供科学依据。方法：选取2023年1月至2024年12月新疆医科大学第六附属医院内分泌科接受肠内营养支持的96例患者作为研究对象，根据护理方案的不同分为对照组和观察组，每组各48例。对照组采用常规肠内营养护理方案，观察组采用体位护理联合流程优化方案。比较两组患者的误吸发生率、误吸相关并发症(吸入性肺炎、肺部感染)发生率、肠内营养耐受性，同时对比两组患者的护理满意度及住院天数。结果：观察组患者误吸发生率(4.17%)显著低于对照组(18.75%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；观察组误吸相关并发症发生率(2.08%)低于对照组(14.58%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；观察组肠内营养耐受性优良率(93.75%)显著高于对照组(77.08%)，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；观察组护理满意度(95.83%)高于对照组(81.25%)，住院天数显著短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论：体位护理联合流程优化方案可有效降低新疆医科大学第六附属医院内分泌科患者肠内营养误吸风险及相关并发症发生率，提高患者肠内营养耐受性和护理满意度，缩短住院天数，值得在临床推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To retrospectively analyze the application effect of a posture care combined with process optimization protocol in patients receiving enteral nutrition support in the Department of Endocrinology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and to explore its clinical value in reducing the risk of aspiration, providing a scientific basis for enteral nutrition care in endocrinology. Methods: A total of 96 patients who received enteral nutrition support in the Department of Endocrinology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a control group and an observation group according to different nursing protocols, with 48 patients in each group. The control group received a conventional enteral nutrition care protocol, while the observation group received the posture care combined with process optimization protocol. The incidence of aspiration, the incidence of aspiration-related complications (aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary infection), and enteral nutrition tolerance were compared between the two groups. Nursing satisfaction and length of hospital stay were also compared. Results: The incidence of aspiration in the observation group (4.17%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (18.75%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of aspiration-related complications in the observation group (2.08%) was lower than that in the control group (14.58%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The excellent-good rate of enteral nutrition tolerance in the observation group (93.75%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (77.08%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Nursing satisfaction in the observation group (95.83%) was higher than that in the control group (81.25%), and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the observation group. All these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The posture care combined with process optimization protocol can effectively reduce the risk of aspiration and the incidence of related complications in patients receiving enteral nutrition in the Department of Endocrinology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. It improves patients’ enteral nutrition tolerance and nursing satisfaction, and shortens the length of hospital stay. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.