植硅体重金属元素富集的植物影响因素
Plant Factors Influencing Heavy Metal Accumulation in Phytoliths
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2026.165091, PDF,   
作者: 张 颖：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林
关键词: 植硅体；重金属元素；封存；植物因子；Phytolith； Heavy Metal； Sequestration； Plant Factor
摘要: 植硅体作为高等植物生物硅化作用的产物，具有稳定的硅氧结构，能有效封存环境中的重金属元素。这一过程不仅是植物应对重金属元素胁迫的重要解毒机制，也为环境污染的长期固持与生态修复提供了新途径。植硅体对重金属元素的富集受物种遗传特性、组织空间分布、基因表达调控等植物因子的显著驱动。文章首先叙述了植硅体的形成机理，总结了“植物–植硅体”系统的重金属元素富集评价方法，随后详细梳理了已发现的富集植物种类与目标元素，并从生理与分子层面深层解析了植物因子的调控机制，旨在为筛选高效植物修复物种及理解重金属生物地球化学循环提供理论支持。
Abstract: Phytoliths, as products of biosilicification in higher plants, possess stable silicon-oxygen structures and can effectively sequester heavy metals from the environment. This process is not only an important detoxification mechanism for plants to cope with heavy metal stress, but also provides a new pathway for long-term environmental pollution retention and ecological restoration. The accumulation of heavy metals in phytoliths is significantly driven by plant factors such as species genetic characteristics, tissue spatial distribution, and gene expression regulation. This paper first elucidates the formation mechanism of phytoliths, summarizes the evaluation methods for heavy metal accumulation in the “plant-phytolith” system, then details the discovered accumulating plant species and target elements, and deeply analyzes the regulatory mechanisms of plant factors at the physiological and molecular levels, aiming to provide theoretical support for screening efficient plant remediation species and understanding the biogeochemical cycle of heavy metals.
文章引用：张颖. 植硅体重金属元素富集的植物影响因素[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(5): 918-924. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.165091

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