新型负压外喷雾装置降尘特性及喷雾压力影响规律研究

Study on Dust Suppression Characteristics and Influence Law of Spray Pressure of Novel Negative Pressure External Spray Device

摘要: 针对综掘工作面粉尘浓度高、传统喷雾降尘效果有限的问题，提出一种新型负压外喷雾装置，通过在截割臂周围布置负压吸风管道并结合外接风机实现协同降尘。采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，建立风流–粉尘及风流–雾滴耦合模型，并利用相关软件开展模拟研究。结果表明：喷雾压力为4 MPa时，雾滴粒径、速度及浓度分布最优，降尘性能最佳；在此基础上，负压风量为50 m³/min时，粉尘浓度显著降低，且喷雾场在截割头处包裹与团聚效果最佳。研究确定了装置的最优运行参数，为提高综掘工作面降尘效率提供了理论依据与技术参考。

Abstract: A novel negative-pressure external spray device is proposed to address the problems of high dust concentration and limited dust reduction performance of conventional spray systems in fully mechanized excavation faces. The device achieves collaborative dust control by arranging negative-pressure air suction pipes around the cutting arm and connecting an external fan. A theoretical analysis and numerical simulation approach is adopted to establish air-dust and air-droplet coupling models, and simulation studies are carried out using relevant software. The results show that when the spray pressure is 4 MPa, the droplet size, velocity and concentration distribution are optimal, leading to the best dust reduction performance. On this basis, when the negative-pressure air volume is 50 m³/min, the dust concentration is significantly reduced, and the wrapping and agglomeration effects of the spray field at the cutting head are optimal. This study determines the optimal operating parameters of the device, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for improving the dust removal efficiency of fully mechanized excavation faces.