超效率SBM模型下中国沿海主要港口物流效率测度与比较研究——以天津港为例

Research on Measurement and Comparison of Logistics Efficiency of Major Coastal Ports in China Under the Super-Efficiency SBM Model—A Case Study of Tianjin Port

摘要: 为了合理地评估中国沿海港口物流效率水平，在文章中选择天津港作为中心点，并且结合其他九个重要的沿海港口来进行相关研究。在2020~2025年的面板数据基础上，运用超效率SBM模型分别从综合效率、纯技术效率及规模效率三个方面来实现实证并加以比较分析。结果显示，天津港六年来一直位于综合效率第一的位置上并且其纯技术效率也较为出色，这主要是由其提高效率的动力来源所决定的。但是由于天津港的规模效率一直都较低于最优值，因此这也是影响天津港提高效率的重要原因所在。通过与其他港口相比较可以看出，像上海港、青岛港还有珠海港这些港口都属于有效的范围之内。但同时也有部分港口存在没有效率的情况出现，秦皇岛港和连云港港等等这些都是因为它们自身的规模较小造成的。总的来说，在中国沿海地区，技术和管理相对比较发达，提高港口物流效率应该注重改进投资量以及改善资源分配并加强对各地区的港口合作等。

Abstract: To reasonably evaluate the logistics efficiency of coastal ports in China, this paper takes Tianjin Port as the core and conducts a study with nine other major coastal ports. Based on the panel data from 2020 to 2025, the super-efficiency SBM model is used to carry out empirical analysis and comparative research from three dimensions: comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. The results show that Tianjin Port has ranked first in comprehensive efficiency for six consecutive years and performs well in pure technical efficiency, which is the main driving force for its efficiency improvement. However, Tianjin Port’s scale efficiency has long been below the optimal level, which is a key constraint on its further efficiency enhancement. A comparison with other ports reveals that Shanghai Port, Qingdao Port, and Zhuhai Port are all efficient. Meanwhile, some ports such as Qinhuangdao Port and Lianyungang Port are inefficient mainly due to their small scale. Overall, China’s coastal regions enjoy relatively advanced technology and management. To improve port logistics efficiency, efforts should be made to optimize investment scale, improve resource allocation, and strengthen regional port cooperation.