基于行为改变轮理论的出院准备度干预方案 在乳腺癌术后患者中的应用

Application of a Readiness for Hospital Discharge Intervention Program Based on the Behavior Change Wheel in Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients

摘要: 目的：探讨基于行为改变轮(BCW)理论的出院准备度干预方案在乳腺癌术后患者中的应用效果。方法：选取石家庄市某三甲医院腺体外科2025年1月~2025年7月符合纳入、排除标准的54名女性乳腺癌手术患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组，每组27例。对照组给予科室常规护理，干预组在常规护理基础上实施基于BCW理论的出院准备度干预方案。分别于出院当日采用出院准备度量表，于干预前、出院当日、出院后1个月、出院后3个月采用疾病不确定感量表、自我护理能力量表评价干预效果。结果：干预组和对照组各26例完成研究。干预组出院准备度总分及各维度得分均高于对照组(P < 0.05)。出院当日、出院后1个月及3个月，干预组自我护理能力得分均高于对照组，疾病不确定感得分均低于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：基于BCW理论的出院准备度干预方案可有效提高乳腺癌术后患者的出院准备度与自我护理能力，降低其疾病不确定感。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application effects of the discharge readiness intervention program based on the behavior change wheel (BCW) theory in postoperative breast cancer patients. Methods: From January 2025 to July 2025,54 female breast cancer patients who satisfied the selection criteria and volunteered to participate were selected from the Department of Glandular Surgery in a tertiary hospital in Shijiazhuang. Participants were equally distributed (27 cases per group) through random number tabulation. The control group received customary nursing management, while the intervention group received an intervention program based on the BCW theory in addition to customary nursing management. The discharge readiness scale was used on the day of discharge, and the uncertainty in illness scale and self-care agency scale were used before intervention, upon hospital discharge, and at 1 and 3 months post-discharge to evaluate the intervention effects. Results: Twenty-six patients in each group completed the study. Patients in the intervention group achieved significantly better total and multidimensional discharge readiness outcomes than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Upon hospital discharge, and at 1 and 3 months post-discharge, the self-care agency scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the uncertainty in illness scores were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The discharge readiness intervention program based on the BCW theory can effectively improve the discharge readiness and self-care agency of patients after breast cancer surgery, and reduce their uncertainty in illness.