冠心病合并房颤的抗栓管理及挑战
Antithrombotic Management and Challenges in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1652138, PDF,   
作者: 白玛徳吉:西藏大学医学院,西藏 拉萨;达娃次仁*:西藏自治区人民医院心血管内科,西藏 拉萨
关键词: 冠心病心房颤动抗栓治疗Coronary Artery Disease Atrial Fibrillation Antithrombotic Therapy
摘要: 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(coronary artery disease, CAD)合并房颤(atrial fibrillation, AF)患者常同时需要抗血小板与口服抗凝治疗,缺血事件与出血风险显著增加。随着冠心病从CAD从急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)到慢性冠脉综合征(chronic coronary syndrome, CCS)的进展,抗栓药物需要随之调整,期间需严密临床评估,并个体化制定抗栓治疗方案。在此基础上,本文综述抗栓治疗,在CAD合并AF各时期的调整。为临床治疗提供参考依据。
Abstract: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often require combined antiplatelet and oral anticoagulant therapy, which significantly increases both ischemic and bleeding risks. As CAD progresses from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), antithrombotic strategies need to be dynamically adjusted, requiring careful clinical assessment and individualized decision-making. This review summarizes current evidence and guideline recommendations on antithrombotic therapy in patients with CAD and AF across different disease stages, aiming to provide a practical reference for clinical management.
文章引用:白玛徳吉, 达娃次仁. 冠心病合并房颤的抗栓管理及挑战[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(5): 3194-3200. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1652138

参考文献

[1] Hindricks, G., Potpara, T., Dagres, N., Arbelo, E., Bax, J.J., Blomström-Lundqvist, C., et al. (2020) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management Of atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the Special Contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. European Heart Journal, 42, 373-498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Van Gelder, I.C., Rienstra, M., Bunting, K.V., Casado-Arroyo, R., Caso, V., Crijns, H.J.G.M., et al. (2024) 2024 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation Developed in Collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): Developed by the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), with the Special Contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Endorsed by the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). European Heart Journal, 45, 3314-3414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Vogel, B., Acevedo, M., Appelman, Y., Bairey Merz, C.N., Chieffo, A., Figtree, G.A., et al. (2021) The Lancet Women and Cardiovascular Disease Commission: Reducing the Global Burden by 2030. The Lancet, 397, 2385-2438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] 中国心血管健康与疾病报告2024概要[J]. 中国循环杂志, 2025, 40(6): 521-559.
[5] Ko, D., Chung, M.K., Evans, P.T., Benjamin, E.J. and Helm, R.H. (2025) Atrial Fibrillation: A Review. JAMA, 333, 329-342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Benjamin, E.J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., et al. (2019) Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 139, e56-e528.
[7] Dewilde, W.J., Oirbans, T., Verheugt, F.W., Kelder, J.C., De Smet, B.J., Herrman, J., et al. (2013) Use of Clopidogrel with or without Aspirin in Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Open-Label, Randomised, Controlled Trial. The Lancet, 381, 1107-1115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Lopes, R.D., Heizer, G., Aronson, R., Vora, A.N., Massaro, T., Mehran, R., et al. (2019) Antithrombotic Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome or PCI in Atrial Fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine, 380, 1509-1524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Yasuda, S., Kaikita, K., Akao, M., Ako, J., Matoba, T., Nakamura, M., et al. (2019) Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation with Stable Coronary Disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 381, 1103-1113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Vrints, C., Andreotti, F., Koskinas, K.C., Rossello, X., Adamo, M., Ainslie, J., et al. (2024) 2024 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Developed by the Task Force for the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). European Heart Journal, 45, 3415-3537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Urban, P., Mehran, R., Colleran, R., Angiolillo, D.J., Byrne, R.A., Capodanno, D., et al. (2019) Defining High Bleeding Risk in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Consensus Document from the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk. European Heart Journal, 40, 2632-2653. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Hijazi, Z., Lindbäck, J., Alexander, J.H., Hanna, M., Held, C., Hylek, E.M., et al. (2016) The ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History) Stroke Risk Score: A Biomarker-Based Risk Score for Predicting Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation. European Heart Journal, 37, 1582-1590. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Hijazi, Z., Oldgren, J., Lindbäck, J., Alexander, J.H., Connolly, S.J., Eikelboom, J.W., et al. (2016) The Novel Biomarker-Based ABC (age, Biomarkers, Clinical History)-Bleeding Risk Score for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Derivation and Validation Study. The Lancet, 387, 2302-2311. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Fox, K.A.A., Piccini, J.P., Wojdyla, D., Becker, R.C., Halperin, J.L., Nessel, C.C., et al. (2011) Prevention of Stroke and Systemic Embolism with Rivaroxaban Compared with Warfarin in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Moderate Renal Impairment. European Heart Journal, 32, 2387-2394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] (2024) Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKDWG. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney International, 105, S117-S314.
[16] Parker, W.A. and Storey, R.F. (2021) Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndromes. Heart, 107, 925-933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Capodanno, D., Huber, K., Mehran, R., Lip, G.Y.H., Faxon, D.P., Granger, C.B., et al. (2019) Management of Antithrombotic Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing PCI. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 74, 83-99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Hijazi, Z., Hohnloser, S.H., Andersson, U., Alexander, J.H., Hanna, M., Keltai, M., et al. (2016) Efficacy and Safety of Apixaban Compared with Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Renal Function over Time: Insights from the ARISTOTLE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiology, 1, 451-460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] De Gottardi, A., Trebicka, J., Klinger, C., Plessier, A., Seijo, S., Terziroli, B., et al. (2017) Antithrombotic Treatment with Direct‐Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis and Cirrhosis. Liver International, 37, 694-699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Joglar, J.A., Chung, M.K., Armbruster, A.L., et al. (2024) 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 149, e1-e156.
[21] Andrade, J.G., Aguilar, M., Atzema, C., Bell, A., Cairns, J.A., Cheung, C.C., et al. (2020) The 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Comprehensive Guidelines for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 36, 1847-1948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Ikeda, S., Hiasa, K., Inoue, H., Yamashita, T., Akao, M., Atarashi, H., et al. (2024) Clinical Outcomes and Anticoagulation Therapy in Elderly Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure Patients. ESC Heart Failure, 11, 902-913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] The 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel (2023) American Geriatrics Society 2023 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 71, 2052-2081. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Denfeld, Q.E., Turrise, S., MacLaughlin, E.J., Chang, P., Clair, W.K., Lewis, E.F., et al. (2022) Preventing and Managing Falls in Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 15, e000108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Lin, M., Huang, H., Wang, J., Sun, H., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2025) Oral Anticoagulant Therapy of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiology, Internal Medicine, and Surgery: Temporal Trend. MedComm, 6, e70487. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef
[26] Chan, Y., Chao, T., Chen, S., Lee, H., Li, P., Yeh, Y., et al. (2023) Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Increased Bleeding Risk Treated with Very Low Dose Vs. Regular-Dose Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: A Nationwide Cohort Study. European Heart JournalCardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 9, 681-691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Uziębło-Życzkowska, B., Krzesiński, P., Maciorowska, M., Gorczyca, I., Jelonek, O., Wójcik, M., et al. (2021) Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Including Compliance with Current Guidelines—Data from the Polish Atrial Fibrillation (POL-AF) Registry. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 11, 14-27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]