高尿酸血症继发尿酸结石形成机制的研究进展与展望
Recent Advances and Future Prospects in the Mechanisms of Uric Acid Stone Formation Secondary to Hyperuricemia
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1652143, PDF,   
作者: 王维华*：临沧市临翔区人民医院风湿免疫科，云南 临沧；字国润：昆明医科大学第二附属医院泌尿外科，云南 昆明
关键词: 高尿酸血症；尿酸结石；形成机制；尿液酸化；结晶；肾小管损伤；Hyperuricemia； Uric Acid Stones； Formation Mechanisms； Urinary Acidification； Crystal； Renal Tubular Damage
摘要: 高尿酸血症是尿酸结石形成的重要病理基础，其继发尿酸结石的机制复杂，涉及尿液中尿酸过饱和、尿液理化性质改变及肾小管上皮细胞功能异常等多个层面。本文系统综述了高尿酸血症状态下尿酸结石形成的核心机制，重点探讨了低尿pH值的关键作用、尿酸结晶的成核与生长过程，以及肾小管损伤与炎症反应在结石形成中的推动作用。通过整合近年来的分子生物学、代谢组学及临床研究新发现，旨在为深入理解尿酸结石的发病机理及开发新型防治策略提供理论依据。
Abstract: Hyperuricemia is a major pathological basis for uric acid stone formation. The mechanisms underlying the development of uric acid stones are complex, involving multiple factors such as uric acid supersaturation in urine, alterations in the physicochemical properties of urine, and abnormalities in renal tubular epithelial cell function. This article provides a systematic review of the core mechanisms underlying uric acid stone formation in the context of hyperuricemia, focusing on the critical role of low urine pH, the nucleation and growth processes of uric acid crystals, and the promoting effects of renal tubular damage and inflammatory responses on stone formation. By integrating recent findings from molecular biology, metabolomics, and clinical research, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of uric acid stones and the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies.
文章引用：王维华, 字国润. 高尿酸血症继发尿酸结石形成机制的研究进展与展望[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(5): 3237-3242. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1652143

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