医学航空救援教学体系构建与高质量发展——基于急诊医学视角的综述

Construction and High-Quality Development of Medical Aviation Rescue Teaching System—A Review from the Perspective of Emergency Medicine

摘要: 中文：医学航空救援是急危重症救治“黄金时间窗”的关键保障，已成为国家应急医疗体系建设的战略重点领域。急诊科作为航空救援前端执行与临床衔接的核心环节，其医护人员的专业化航空救援能力直接影响跨区域重症救治的最终成效。本文立足急诊医学临床实践需求，系统梳理国内外医学航空救援教学的研究进展与实践经验，通过“问题导向–现状梳理–中外对比–经验启示”的逻辑脉络，深入剖析当前国内教学工作中存在的标准化体系不健全、优质教学资源区域分布不均、复合型专业师资力量薄弱、教学内容与临床实际需求脱节等突出问题。结合对国外成熟经验的批判性借鉴，揭示其制度保障核心要素并提出本土化适配策略，构建包含基础理论、实操技能、应急决策、职业素养四大模块的核心教学内容体系(以表格形式细化呈现)。通过分析北京市红十字会急诊抢救中心、上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院的典型实践案例，提出“标准化–模块化–实战化–智能化”四位一体的教学体系优化路径，并从统一标准构建、资源均衡配置、复合型师资培育、教学模式创新及产学研深度融合五个维度，给出针对性的高质量发展对策，为培育符合中国国情与急诊专科特色的航空救援专业人才、推进应急医疗救援体系现代化建设提供理论参考与实践支撑。

Abstract: Medical aviation rescue is a key guarantee for the “golden time window” in critical care and has become a strategic priority in the construction of the national emergency medical system. As the core link connecting the front-end execution and clinical practice of aviation rescue, the emergency department’s professional aviation rescue capabilities directly affect the final effect of cross-regional critical care. Based on the clinical practice needs of emergency medicine, this article systematically sorts out the research progress and practical experience of medical aviation rescue teaching at home and abroad. Through the logical context of “problem-oriented-status combing-domestic and foreign comparison-experience enlightenment”, it deeply analyzes the prominent problems existing in current domestic teaching work, such as imperfect standardized system, uneven regional distribution of high-quality teaching resources, weak compound professional teachers, and disconnection between teaching content and clinical actual needs. Combined with the critical reference of foreign mature experience, it reveals the core elements of its institutional guarantee and puts forward localized adaptation strategies, constructing a core teaching content system including four modules: basic theory, practical skills, emergency decision-making and professional literacy (detailed in tabular form). By analyzing the typical practical cases of Beijing Red Cross Emergency Rescue Center and Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, a “standardization-modularization-practicalization-intelligence” four-in-one teaching system optimization path is proposed. From the five dimensions of unified standard construction, balanced resource allocation, compound teacher training, teaching mode innovation and in-depth integration of production, education and research, targeted high-quality development countermeasures are given, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical support for cultivating professional aviation rescue talents in line with China’s national conditions and emergency specialist characteristics, and promoting the modernization of the emergency medical rescue system.