以课外练习“Tại sao lại phải phân biệt tiêu chuẩn giữa hàng xuất nhập khẩu và hàng nội địa?”为例的翻译实践报告

A Translation Practice Report Based on the Extracurricular Exercise “Tại sao lại phải phân biệt tiêu chuẩn giữa hàng xuất nhập khẩu và hàng nội địa?”

摘要: 本报告以一篇论述进出口商品与国内商品标准差异的越南语文章“Tại sao lại phải phân biệt tiêu chuẩn giữa hàng xuất nhập khẩu và hàng nội địa?”(《为什么要对进出口商品和国内商品执行区分标准》)为翻译实践对象，系统描述在彼得·纽马克“文本功能分类说”框架下，运用自建“四项翻译步骤”完成翻译任务的过程。该步骤依次为：文本类型判定、翻译策略选择、具体方法应用及译文审校优化。报告以信息型文本的翻译处理为关注重点，结合语义翻译与交际翻译的互补关系，对实践中出现的典型语言转换问题进行分类剖析。通过长难句结构重组、专业术语定名及近义词组辨析等具体案例的讨论，本报告呈现了越南语经贸信息类文本汉译过程中的主要难点及其应对方式，可为同类小规模翻译实践与翻译过程训练提供个案层面的参照。

Abstract: This report takes a Vietnamese article titled “Tại sao lại phải phân biệt tiêu chuẩn giữa hàng xuất nhập khẩu và hàng nội địa?” (Why Should Different Standards Be Applied to Import/Export Goods and Domestic Goods?) — which addresses the divergence in standards between import/export goods and domestic goods — as the object of translation practice. It systematically delineates the application of a self-devised “Four-Step Translation Procedure” within the theoretical framework of Peter Newmark’s text typology. The procedure encompasses four sequential stages: identification of text type, selection of translation strategies, application of specific methods, and post-translation review and refinement. Focusing on the translation of informative texts, the report examines the complementary relationship between semantic translation and communicative translation, and conducts a categorical analysis of typical linguistic challenges encountered during the translation process. Through case studies on the restructuring of complex sentence architectures, the standardization of technical nomenclature, and the differentiation of semantically proximate expressions, this report identifies the principal difficulties and corresponding approaches in the Chinese translation of Vietnamese trade-related informative texts, thereby offering a case-specific reference for comparable small-scale translation practices and process-oriented translation training.