泽库话人称代词探析

An Analysis of Personal Pronouns in the Zeku Dialect

摘要: 藏语作为汉藏语系藏缅语族的核心语言之一，其方言分化显著，其中安多藏语以独特的语音体系、语法形态及语义表达机制，成为藏语方言研究的重要阵地。泽库话作为安多藏语在青海泽库地区的代表性方言，根植于当地独特的藏族文化语境与语言接触环境，其语法系统既保留了安多藏语的核心特质，又衍生出诸多地域特异性表现，尤以人称代词系统最具研究价值。本文在系统地介绍泽库话的人称代词系统及其指称特征的基础上，研究分析泽库话人称代词的形态分类，包括数、格、性等范畴，同时探讨人称代词的句法功能及语义特征等。研究发现，泽库话人称代词不仅通过丰富的屈折变化和附缀手段来标示格与数，其敬语体系、以及代词在语篇中的隐现规律，均深刻反映了当地特有的语言现象。

Abstract: As one of the core languages of the Tibeto-Burman branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, Tibetan exhibits significant dialectal differentiation. Among them, Amdo Tibetan, with its unique phono-logical system, grammatical morphology, and semantic expression mechanisms, serves as an important area for dialectal research on Tibetan. As a representative dialect of Amdo Tibetan in Zeku, Qinghai, the Zeku dialect is rooted in the distinctive local Tibetan cultural context and language contact environment. Its grammatical system not only retains the core characteristics of Amdo Tibetan but also has developed many region-specific features, among which the personal pronoun system is of particular research value. Based on a systematic introduction to the personal pronoun system and its referential features in the Zeku dialect, this paper analyzes the morphological categories of personal pronouns, including number, case, and gender, and explores their syntactic functions and semantic characteristics. The study finds that the personal pronouns in the Zeku dialect mark case and number through rich in-flectional changes and affixation. Meanwhile, its honorific system and the regularity of pronoun ellipsis and occurrence in discourse profoundly reflect the unique linguistic phenomena of the region.