泽库话人称代词探析

An Analysis of Personal Pronouns in the Zeku Dialect

摘要: 泽库话是青海省泽库县主要通行的语言，在语音、语法及语义层面均体现出鲜明的地域特征，其语法系统既承袭了该区域方言共有的结构基底，又因长期处于多民族语言接触的环境中而衍生出诸多特点，尤以人称代词系统最具考察价值。本文在系统梳理泽库话人称代词的指称体系与形态类型的基础上，着重分析其在数范畴、格范畴及性范畴上的标记方式，并进一步探讨代词在句法层面所承担的句位功能及其语义制约条件。研究表明，泽库话的人称代词主要借助屈折变化与附加成分来实现格与数的语法区分，同时其敬语层级的使用规范及代词在自然语篇中的隐现策略，均较为充分地折射出该方言区特有的话语习惯与认知方式。

Abstract: The Zeku dialect is the main language spoken in Zeku County, Qinghai Province, and exhibits dis-tinctive regional features at the phonological, grammatical, and semantic levels. Its grammatical system not only inherits the structural foundation common to dialects in this region but has also developed numerous characteristics through prolonged contact with a multilingual environment, with the personal pronoun system being particularly worthy of investigation. On the basis of a sys-tematic overview of the referential system and morphological types of personal pronouns in the Zeku dialect, this study focuses on analyzing their marking strategies in terms of number, case, and gender categories, and further explores the syntactic functions and semantic constraints of pro-nouns at the clausal level. The research shows that personal pronouns in the Zeku dialect pri-marily employ inflectional changes and affixation to distinguish grammatical categories of case and num-ber. Meanwhile, the normative use of honorific levels and the strategies for pronoun occur-rence and omission in natural discourse amply reflect the distinctive conversational conventions and cognitive patterns characteristic of this dialect area.