浅谈针灸治疗偏头痛的临床研究进展及展望

A Brief Discussion on the Clinical Research Progress and Prospects of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Migraine

摘要: 偏头痛是一种临床常见的慢性神经血管性头痛，中医将其归属“头风”、“偏头风”、“头痛”的范畴，反复发作、缠绵难愈，多见于中青年女性、长期精神焦虑者、熬夜劳累及体质虚弱人群，严重影响患者日常工作与生活质量。西医治疗多以止痛、扩张血管药物为主，虽短期效果较好，但长期服用易出现耐药性、胃肠道反应等不良反应。中医认为，偏头痛多因外感风邪、内伤肝脾肾，气血逆乱、脉络瘀阻所致，治疗以疏通经络、调和气血、平肝息风为主要治则。针灸作为常用中医外治法之一，具有耐受性高，副作用小的优势。通过刺激特定穴位调节经络气血运行，快速缓解头痛发作频次与疼痛程度，兼具治标与治本优势，临床依从性高。本文结合近年临床研究，梳理针灸治疗偏头痛的病因病机、作用机制及各类疗法应用，为临床优化诊疗提供参考。

Abstract: Migraine is a clinically common chronic neurovascular headache. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is classified under the categories of “head wind”, “migraine”, and “headache”. It is recurrent and persistent, often occurring in young and middle-aged women, individuals with long-term mental anxiety, those who stay up late and are tired, and those with weak constitutions. It significantly impacts patients’ daily work and quality of life. Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on analgesics and vasodilators, which may yield good short-term effects, but long-term use can lead to adverse reactions such as drug resistance and gastrointestinal reactions. TCM believes that migraine is often caused by external wind-evil, internal liver-spleen-kidney deficiency, qi and blood disorder, and meridian blockage. The main treatment principles are to dredge meridians, harmonize qi and blood, and calm the liver and stop the wind. Acupuncture and moxibustion, as one of the commonly used external treatment methods in TCM, has the advantages of high tolerance and minimal side effects. By stimulating specific acupoints to regulate the circulation of qi and blood in meridians, it can quickly alleviate the frequency and severity of headache attacks, combining the advantages of treating both the symptoms and the root cause, with high clinical compliance. This article combines recent clinical research to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis, mechanism of action, and application of various therapies for acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of migraine, providing a reference for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment.