抗差分攻击的明文关联量子图像双重加密算法

Quantum Image Dual Encryption Algorithm Resistant to Differential Attack with Plaintext Correlation

摘要: 近年来随着互联网的迅速发展，数字图像泄密事件频发，传统图像加密技术已经难以满足当前的安全需求，亟待升级优化。针对现有量子图像加密算法中扩散机制单一(如仅采用量子异或操作)、难以抵御差分攻击和选择明文攻击等安全缺陷，文章提出一种抗差分攻击的明文关联量子图像双重加密方案。首先，利用NEQR模型将经典图像制备为量子叠加态，并提取明文特征值作为扰动因子动态更新混沌系统的初始条件。其次，借助Logistic混沌映射驱动量子C-SWAP逻辑门构建全局量子坐标受控置换网络，彻底破坏像素间的空间拓扑相关性；最后，创新性地引入Lorenz混沌系统控制量子DNA动态逻辑门对加密图像颜色量子比特进行深度的非线性替代。经仿真与性能分析表明，该算法时间复杂度仅为O (n)，NPCR (99.6%)、UACI (33.4%)与信息熵均逼近理论极值。该方案不仅密钥空间庞大、能有效抵御各类统计攻击，还在遭受噪声干扰与数据缺失时展现卓越的鲁棒性，表明了该方案具有较高的安全性。

Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, digital image leakage incidents have occurred frequently. Traditional image encryption technologies are no longer sufficient to meet current security needs and urgently require upgrading and optimization. Aiming at the security defects of existing quantum image encryption algorithms, such as a single diffusion mechanism (e.g., only adopting quantum XOR operation), difficulty in resisting differential attacks, and chosen-plaintext attacks, this paper proposes a dual quantum image encryption scheme with plaintext correlation that is resistant to differential attacks. Firstly, this paper uses the NEQR model to prepare classical images into quantum superposition states and extracts plaintext eigenvalues as disturbance factors to dynamically update the initial conditions of the chaotic system. Secondly, the Logistic chaotic map is used to drive the quantum C-SWAP logic gate to construct a global quantum coordinate-controlled permutation network, which completely destroys the spatial topological correlation between pixels. Finally, the Lorenz chaotic system is innovatively introduced to control the quantum DNA dynamic logic gate for in-depth nonlinear substitution of the color qubits of the encrypted image. Simulation and performance analysis show that the time complexity of the algorithm is only O (n), and the NPCR (99.6%), UACI (33.4%), and information entropy are all close to the theoretical extreme values. This scheme not only has a large key space and can effectively resist various statistical attacks, but also shows excellent robustness when subjected to noise interference and data loss, which indicates that the scheme has high security.