数字时代离线权的宪法建构

The Constitutional Construction of the Right to Be Offline in the Digital Age

摘要: 现如今用人单位通过即时通讯工具、算法控制等数字手段，可以随时随地地联系到劳动者并下达指令，导致劳动者在非工作时间“休而不息”，无法自主决定自己的休息权，《中华人民共和国宪法》第43条规定的劳动者休息权保障落空。基于此，本文立足宪法规范文本与法学理论，探讨通过建构离线权来应对数字时代劳动者休息权保障困境，具体而言是明确该权利并非独立的新增的宪法权利，而是休息权在数字时代的衍生形态，具有积极社会权属性，其主体涵盖传统劳动者与新就业形态劳动者，试图构建系统的“立法规范建构–行政监管执行–司法救济保障”的国家宪法保障义务体系，让劳动者重新获得对非工作时间的自主掌控权，落实《宪法》的核心原则。

Abstract: In today’s era, employers can contact and issue instructions to workers anytime and anywhere through digital means such as instant messaging tools and algorithm control, resulting in workers being “on-call” during non-working hours and unable to independently decide their right to rest. This has undermined the protection of workers’ right to rest as stipulated in Article 43 of the Constitution. Based on this, this article, grounded in constitutional normative texts and legal theory, explores the construction of an offline right to address the dilemma of protecting workers’ right to rest in the digital age. Specifically, it clarifies that this right is not an independent new constitutional right, but rather a derivative form of the right to rest in the digital age, possessing the attributes of a positive social right. Its subject encompasses both traditional workers and those in new forms of employment. The article attempts to construct a systematic national constitutional protection obligation system of “legislative norm construction-administrative supervision and enforcement-judicial relief and guarantee”, allowing workers to regain autonomy over non-working time and implementing the core principle of the Constitution that “the state respects and safeguards human rights”.