积极老龄化视域下老年社会工作的范式转型——从“被动服务”到“主动参与”

Paradigm Transformation of Gerontological Social Work under the Perspective of Active Aging—From “Passive Service” to “Active Participation”

摘要: 人口老龄化已然成为中国社会的显著特征，传统老年社会工作以“问题视角”为核心导向，将老年人标签化为被动的服务接受者，这种被动范式难以契合积极老龄化战略的时代诉求。本文以积极老龄化理论为支撑，探讨老年社会工作从“被动服务”向“主动参与”转型的内在逻辑与实践路径。研究发现，转型动力源于三重驱动机制——个体层面的价值实现需求、社区层面的组织支撑以及宏观层面的制度支持。在此基础上，本文搭建了“理念转变–目标升级–方法创新–角色重塑”四位一体的主动范式框架，并结合低龄老年人社区参与、时间银行等典型案例，提出推进范式转型的具体对策建议，为新时代老年社会工作的本土化发展提供理论支撑与实践指导。

Abstract: Population aging has become a prominent feature of Chinese society. Traditional gerontological social work, centered on the “problem perspective”, labels the elderly as passive recipients of services. This passive paradigm is difficult to meet the demands of the active aging strategy in the contemporary era. This paper, supported by the theory of active aging, explores the internal logic and practical paths of the transformation of gerontological social work from “passive service” to “active participation”. The research finds that the driving force for this transformation stems from three mechanisms: the need for value realization at the individual level, organizational support at the community level, and institutional support at the macro level. Based on this, the paper constructs a four-in-one active paradigm framework of “conceptual transformation-goal upgrading-method innovation-role reshaping”, and, in combination with typical cases such as community participation of younger elderly and time banks, proposes specific countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the paradigm transformation, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the localized development of gerontological social work in the new era.