瑶族传统孝道文化与社区养老服务的融合研究

Research on the Integration of Traditional Filial Piety Culture of the Yao (瑶) Ethnic Group and Community Elderly Care Services

摘要: 广东连南的瑶族人口老龄化增速快、人口老龄化程度深。当地村寨传统养老以家庭为核心，依托宗族互助，照料老人生活起居，便于老辈人文化向下传递；现代社区养老虽形成“1 + 7 + N”阵地与“公办兜底、社区为主、志愿补充”模式，但存在覆盖不均、内容单一、民族特色不足等问题，专业照护、情感陪伴等服务需求缺口明显。瑶族村寨传统养老以孝道为文化核心，包含尊老祭祖的家庭伦理、同族各房宗族互助，虽青壮年外流与现代社会价值观冲击发生变化，但孝道核心思想仍然保留。因而，当地养老服务可通过构建瑶族文化族内认同的基础上建设服务体系、依托宗族创新互助养老、搭建政府、社区与家庭多元共治格局，孝道文化与社区养老可有效融合，提升服务效果，吸引更多老人参与，为少数民族地区养老提供支持。

Abstract: The aging rate of the Yao (瑶) population in Liannan (连南), Guangdong Province, is increasing rapidly and the degree of population aging is deep. Local village traditional elderly care is centered on the family and relies on mutual assistance within the clan to take care of the elderly daily life, which is conducive to the transmission of culture from the older generation to the younger. Although modern community elderly care has formed a “1 + 7 + N” base and a model of “government-led basic security, community-based services, and volunteer services as a supplement”, there are still problems such as uneven coverage, single content, and insufficient ethnic characteristics. The demand gap for professional care and emotional companionship services is obvious. The traditional elderly care in Yao villages is centered on filial piety, including family ethics of respecting the elderly and ancestral worship, and mutual assistance among different branches of the clan. Although changes have occurred due to the outflow of young and middle-aged people and the impact of modern social values, the core idea of filial piety is still retained. Therefore, local elderly care services can be improved by building a service system based on the recognition of Yao culture within the ethnic group, innovating mutual assistance elderly care by relying on the clan, and establishing a multi-party governance pattern involving the government, community and family. The integration of filial piety culture and community elderly care can effectively enhance service effectiveness, attract more elderly people to participate, and provide support for elderly care in ethnic minority areas.