从“被动养老”到“主动享老”：低龄活力老人消费升级的驱动机制研究

From “Passive Elderly Care” to “Active Enjoyment of Aging”: A Study on the Driving Mechanisms of Consumption Upgrading among Young-Old Active Seniors

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程加快，低龄活力老人(60~75岁)群体规模持续扩大，其消费形态正经历从“被动养老”到“主动享老”的根本性转变。本研究聚焦这一群体消费升级的驱动机制，基于“物质–身体–社会–技术”的四维分析框架，综合运用国家统计局、国家税务总局等官方公开数据，系统考察低龄老人消费升级的内生动力与外源推力。研究发现：经济基础与身体健康构成消费升级的物质前提，家庭社会责任的阶段性“脱绑”释放了休闲时间与消费意愿，同质群体间的社交比较催生消费趣味的动态追逐，数字技术的适老化演进则提供了场景赋能的可能。四重驱动相互交织，推动低龄老人消费从生存型向发展型跃迁。研究进一步识别了供需错配、城乡差异等制约因素，并提出促进低龄老人消费升级的实践路径。本研究对于释放银发经济潜力、构建全龄友好型社会具有理论参考价值。

Abstract: As China’s population aging process accelerates, the cohort of young-old active elderly (aged 60~75) continues to expand, and their consumption patterns are undergoing a fundamental transformation from “passive elderly care” to “active enjoyable aging.” This study focuses on the driving mechanisms behind the consumption upgrading of this group. Based on a four-dimensional analytical framework of “material-bodily-social-technological” factors, and drawing comprehensively on official public data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the State Taxation Administration, and other sources, it systematically examines the endogenous drivers and external forces promoting consumption upgrading among the young-old. The research finds that economic foundation and physical health constitute the material prerequisites for consumption upgrading; the phased “unburdening” from family and social responsibilities liberates leisure time and consumption willingness; social comparison within homogeneous groups drives the dynamic pursuit of consumption tastes; and the age-friendly evolution of digital technology provides the possibility for scenario empowerment. These four driving forces intertwine to propel the consumption of the young-old from subsistence-oriented to development-oriented patterns. The study further identifies constraints such as supply-demand mismatch and urban-rural disparities, proposing practical pathways to promote consumption upgrading among the young-old. This research holds theoretical reference value for unleashing the potential of the silver economy and building an age-friendly society.