利川市耕地资源地形梯度分布特征及优化策略

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Optimization Strategies of Arable Land Resources under Topographic Gradients in Lichuan City

摘要: 为探究山地农业区这一复杂地形约束下耕地资源的空间分布规律及其优化路径，本文以湖北省利川市为研究对象，利用GIS空间叠加分析法，定量测算了高程和坡度梯度下的耕地优势度、地块零散度及分散指数。结果表明：利川市耕地集中分布在海拔1000~1200 m及坡度0˚~6˚的核心地带，优势度极高且连片性好，而海拔超1600 m或坡度超15˚的区域，地块分散指数显著攀升，呈现极度破碎化。研究认为，利川市应针对地形梯度实施差异化利用策略，重点强化核心坝区的高标准农田建设，并稳步推进高海拔陡坡破碎区的生态退耕与景观转型。本研究为同类山地城市优化耕地配置、保障区域生态安全及推动特色农业可持续发展提供了科学依据。

Abstract: To explore the spatial distribution patterns and optimization paths of arable land resources under the complex topographic constraints of mountainous agricultural areas, this paper takes Lichuan City, Hubei Province as the research object. Using GIS spatial overlay analysis, it quantitatively measures the arable land dominance, plot fragmentation, and dispersion index under elevation and slope gradients. The results show that arable land in Lichuan City is concentrated in the core zone at an altitude of 1000~1200 m and a slope of 0˚~6˚, exhibiting extremely high dominance and good contiguousness. However, in areas with an altitude exceeding 1600 m or a slope exceeding 15˚, the plot dispersion index increases significantly, showing extreme fragmentation. The study suggests that Lichuan City should implement differentiated utilization strategies based on topographic gradients, focusing on strengthening the construction of high-standard farmland in the core dam area and steadily promoting ecological restoration and landscape transformation in high-altitude, steep, and fragmented areas. This research provides a scientific basis for optimizing arable land allocation, ensuring regional ecological security, and promoting the sustainable development of specialty agriculture in similar mountainous cities.