适合机械化移栽的菜心种苗集约化培育技术研究

Study on Intensive Cultivation Technology of Flowering Chinese Cabbage Seedlings Suitable for Mechanized Transplanting

摘要: 为解决菜心机械化移栽中存在的农机农艺脱节、幼苗基质散坨、徒长苗损伤等瓶颈问题，本文开展集约化播种效率对比、育苗穴盘筛选、育苗基质筛选及烯效唑壮苗调控试验，系统探究适合机械化移栽的菜心种苗培育技术。结果表明：2BS-6型精量播种机的播种效率达每小时810盘，是人工播种的15倍；72孔穴盘育苗的幼苗茎粗、根重、壮苗指数及根系活力均最优，基质散坨率为0，适配机械化夹取需求；JIFFY牌进口育苗基质在幼苗生长指标、根系发育及盘根效果上显著优于国产基质；烯效唑10倍液叶面喷施处理可有效抑制幼苗徒长，促进茎粗和根系发育，壮苗效果最佳。综合形成的菜心集约化育苗技术体系，可培育出符合机械化移栽要求的壮苗，为菜心生产机械化升级提供技术支撑。

Abstract: To address the bottlenecks in mechanical transplanting of flowering Chinese cabbage, including the disconnect between agricultural machinery and cultivation practices, substrate clod disintegration of seedlings, and damage to leggy seedlings, comparative trials were conducted on intensive sowing efficiency, seedling tray selection, substrate selection, and uniconazole-mediated growth regulation to systematically explore seedling cultivation techniques suitable for mechanical transplanting. The results showed that the 2BS-6 precision seeder achieved a sowing efficiency of 810 trays per hour, which was 15 times that of manual sowing. Seedlings raised in 72-cell trays exhibited optimal stem diameter, root weight, seedling index, and root activity, with 0 substrate clod disintegration rate, meeting the requirements for mechanical gripping. The JIFFY imported substrate significantly outperformed the domestic substrate in seedling growth, root development, and root ball formation. Foliar application of 10 times diluted uniconazole effectively inhibited seedling excessive growth, promoted stem thickening and root growth, and achieved the best seedling vigor. The integrated intensive seedling cultivation system produced robust seedlings suitable for mechanical transplanting, providing technical support for the mechanization upgrade of flowering Chinese cabbage production.