风沙环境高速公路多级预警效果分析

Effect Analysis of Multi-Level Early Warning for Expressways in Wind-Sand Environment

摘要: 为探究风沙环境下高速公路多级预警系统对驾驶行为的影响规律，本文基于驾驶模拟试验，设计了三阶段预警(风险预报、引导预警、车道预警)组合方案，结合不同能见度条件(500 m、300 m、100 m)及沙尘积沙耦合场景，开展正交试验。通过分析驾驶速度变化曲线、速度达标率及降速特征，采用双因素混合方差分析(ANOVA)与事后多重比较(LSD)进行统计学检验，评估各预警组合的有效性。结果表明：可变情报板 + 可变情报板 + 立式可变限速标志 + 智能道钉 + 语音预警 + 诱导标志在不同能见度下均表现出良好的速度控制能力，尤其在低能见度条件下，线性降速特性显著优于其他方案(P < 0.05)。研究结果为风沙环境下高速公路多级预警系统的优化布设提供了理论依据和数据支持。

Abstract: To explore the influence of the law of the multi-level expressway early warning system on driving behavior in wind-sand environments, this paper designed a combined three-stage early warning scheme (risk forecast, guidance early warning, lane early warning) based on driving simulation tests. Orthogonal tests were carried out in combination with different visibility conditions (500 m, 300 m, 100 m) and coupled scenarios of blowing sand and sand accumulation. By analyzing driving speed change curves, speed compliance rates, and speed reduction characteristics, statistical tests were conducted using two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc multiple comparisons (LSD) to evaluate the effectiveness of each warning combination. The results show that the combination of variable message sign + variable message sign + vertical variable speed limit sign + smart road stud + voice early warning + guidance sign presents favorable speed control capability under all visibility conditions. Especially under low visibility conditions, its linear deceleration performance is significantly superior to other schemes (P < 0.05). The research results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the optimal layout of multi-level early warning systems for expressways in wind-sand environments.