城市隧道电动车火灾应急疏散设计

Design of Emergency Management Plan for Electric Vehicle Tunnel Fires

摘要: 为了建立应对城市隧道电动车火灾的应急疏散策略，通过文献研究、统计分析与数值模拟相结合的方法开展研究。首先，以南京红山路城市隧道为实例，利用Pyrosim和Pathfinder软件耦合模拟大型电动车火灾和人员疏散场景，根据烟气、温度、CO浓度等指标的蔓延情况，制定了基于模拟结果的人员疏散与车辆组织策略，结果表明，南京红山路隧道案例中，纵向通风可使可用安全疏散时间(ASET)延长至300 s，增设安全出口能将必需疏散时间(RSET)缩短40%以上，安全指数(SI)均大于1；其次，整合人员与车辆的应急理论重点，结合实例仿真结论，构建四级事故分级响应机制；最后针对不同等级事故设计差异化的应急疏散方案。研究为城市隧道电动车火灾分级疏散提供了量化方案，凸显了实践导向的创新价值。

Abstract: To establish emergency evacuation strategies for electric vehicle (EV) fires in urban tunnels, this study was conducted by integrating literature research, statistical analysis, and numerical simulation. First, taking Nanjing Hongshan Road Urban Tunnel as a case study, the coupled simulation of large-scale EV fire and personnel evacuation scenarios was performed using Pyrosim and Pathfinder software. Based on the spread of key indicators such as smoke, temperature, and CO concentration, personnel evacuation and vehicle organization strategies were formulated according to the simulation results. The findings indicate that in the case of Nanjing Hongshan Road Tunnel, longitudinal ventilation can extend the Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) to 300 seconds, adding additional safety exits can reduce the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) by more than 40%, and the Safety Index (SI) is consistently greater than 1. Second, by integrating the core theories of emergency response for both personnel and vehicles, combined with the conclusions from the case simulation, a four-level accident classification response mechanism was constructed. Finally, differentiated emergency evacuation plans were designed for accidents of different levels. This study provides a quantitative scheme for the classified evacuation of EV fires in urban tunnels and highlights the innovative value of practice orientation.