石英脉型黑钨矿成矿研究进展与展望——以广西珊瑚钨锡矿床为例

Research Progress and Prospects of Quartz Vein-Type Wolframite Mineralization—A Case Study of the Shanhu Tungsten-Tin Deposit in Guangxi

摘要: 石英脉型黑钨矿是岩浆热液成矿作用的经典类型，构造是其成矿的核心控制因素。本文以南岭成矿带西段广西珊瑚钨锡矿床为典型案例，系统梳理了石英脉型黑钨矿构造控矿研究的理论演化与技术方法体系。研究认为，该领域实现了从静态构造格架描述向动态构造–流体耦合机制解析的三次认知变迁。珊瑚矿床的研究完整映射了这一演进历程：早期厘定了“西、中、东”三大构造体系格架；近期通过精细解析，揭示了“早期脆–韧性剪切带 + 成矿期张性改造”的容矿空间形成机制，并证实了“构造泵吸”效应对流体运移与沉淀的驱动作用。但当前研究仍面临深部构造刻画不足、构造–流体耦合定量不足等共性局限，未来应加强深部三维建模与多物理场数值模拟等先进研究方法与珊瑚矿床的结合。

Abstract: Quartz vein-type wolframite deposits represent a classic type of magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization, with structural controls being the key factor governing ore formation. This paper takes the Shanhu W-Sn deposit, Guangxi in the western section of the Nanling metallogenic belt as a typical case study to systematically review the theoretical evolution and technical methodological framework of structural controls on quartz vein-type wolframite mineralization. The study suggests that this field has undergone a cognitive shift from static structural framework descriptions to the analysis of dynamic structure-fluid coupling mechanisms. Research on the Shanhu deposit fully mirrors this evolutionary trajectory: early studies established the “western, central, and eastern” three-fold structural system framework; recent detailed analyses have revealed the ore-hosting space formation mechanism characterized by “early brittle-ductile shear zones plus syn-mineralization extensional modification,” and have confirmed the role of structural activity in driving fluid migration and precipitation. However, current research still faces common limitations, including unclear characterization of deep structures and insufficient quantification of structure-fluid coupling. Future efforts should focus on integrating advanced methods such as deep three-dimensional modeling and multi-physical field numerical simulation into the study of the Shanhu deposit.