蝙蝠与蝙蝠携带的丝状病毒研究进展
Research Progress on Bats and Bat-Borne Filoviruses
DOI: 10.12677/hjbm.2026.163055, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 陈雨虹*, 何晨杰, 韩培钰, 张云智：大理大学公共卫生学院，云南 大理
关键词: 丝状病毒；蝙蝠；病毒分离；检测方法；Filovirus； Bat； Virus Isolation； Detection Methods
摘要: 丝状病毒(Filovirus, FV)，尤其是埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus)和马尔堡病毒(Marburg virus)，可引起高致死率的出血热。蝙蝠是唯一具有飞行能力的哺乳动物，与FV的传播密切相关。近几年，我国蝙蝠中新发现的勐腊病毒(Dianlovirus menglaense, MLAV)、德宏病毒(Dianlovirus dehongense, DEHV)等FV，引起了公共卫生对FV的关注。本文对蝙蝠分布、FV基因组、分类以及蝙蝠携带FV的血清流行病学、分离、检测方法和宿主进行了综述，旨在为蝙蝠携带FV研究提供参考。
Abstract: Filoviruses (FV), especially Ebola virus and Marburg virus, can cause hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. Bats are the only flying mammals and are closely associated with the transmission of filoviruses. In recent years, newly discovered filoviruses in Chinese bats, such as Dianlovirus menglaense (MLAV) and Dianlovirus dehongense (DEHV), have raised public health concerns regarding filoviruses. This review summarizes the distribution of bats, the genomes and classification of filoviruses, as well as the seroepidemiology, isolation, detection methods, and host characteristics of bat-borne filoviruses, aiming to provide a reference for future research on bat-associated filoviruses.
文章引用：陈雨虹, 何晨杰, 韩培钰, 张云智. 蝙蝠与蝙蝠携带的丝状病毒研究进展[J]. 生物医学, 2026, 16(3): 528-538. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjbm.2026.163055

参考文献

[1] Jones, K.E., Patel, N.G., Levy, M.A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J.L., et al. (2008) Global Trends in Emerging Infectious Diseases. Nature, 451, 990-993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[2] Stephens, P.R., Gottdenker, N., Schatz, A.M., Schmidt, J.P. and Drake, J.M. (2021) Characteristics of the 100 Largest Modern Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376, Article ID: 20200535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[3] Kamorudeen, R.T., Adedokun, K.A. and Olarinmoye, A.O. (2020) Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, 2014-2016: Epidemic Timeline, Differential Diagnoses, Determining Factors, and Lessons for Future Response. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13, 956-962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] Siegert, R., Shu, H., Slenczka, W., Peters, D. and Müller, G. (1967) [On the Etiology of an Unknown Human Infection Originating from Monkeys]. DMW—Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 92, 2341-2343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Slenczka, W. (2017) Filovirus Research: How It Began. In: Mühlberger, E., Hensley, L. and Towner, J., Eds., Marburg-and Ebolaviruses, Springer, 3-21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Negredo, A., Palacios, G., Vázquez-Morón, S., González, F., Dopazo, H., Molero, F., et al. (2011) Discovery of an Ebolavirus-Like Filovirus in Europe. PLOS Pathogens, 7, e1002304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Kemenesi, G., Tóth, G.E., Mayora-Neto, M., Scott, S., Temperton, N., Wright, E., et al. (2022) Author Correction: Isolation of Infectious Lloviu Virus from Schreiber’s Bats in Hungary. Nature Communications, 13, Article No. 5246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Tóth, G.E., Hume, A.J., Suder, E.L., Zeghbib, S., Ábrahám, Á., Lanszki, Z., et al. (2023) Isolation and Genome Characterization of Lloviu Virus from Italian Schreibers’s Bats. Scientific Reports, 13, Article No. 11310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Goletic, S., Goletic, T., Omeragic, J., Supic, J., Kapo, N., Nicevic, M., et al. (2023) Metagenomic Sequencing of Lloviu Virus from Dead Schreiber’s Bats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Microorganisms, 11, Article 2892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Pan, Y., Zhang, W., Cui, L., Hua, X., Wang, M. and Zeng, Q. (2014) Reston Virus in Domestic Pigs in China. Archives of Virology, 159, 1129-1132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] He, B., Feng, Y., Zhang, H., Xu, L., Yang, W., Zhang, Y., et al. (2015) Filovirus RNA in Fruit Bats, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 21, 1675-1677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Yang, X., Tan, C.W., Anderson, D.E., Jiang, R., Li, B., Zhang, W., et al. (2019) Characterization of a Filovirus (Měnglà Virus) from Rousettus Bats in China. Nature Microbiology, 4, 390-395. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] He, B., Hu, T., Yan, X., Pa, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) Isolation, Characterization, and Circulation Sphere of a Filovirus in Fruit Bats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121, e2313789121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] 陈章馥. 蝙蝠等自然疫源性疾病潜在动物宿主携带病毒的分子流行病学调查[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 济南: 山东大学, 2023.
[15] Simmons, N.B. and Cirranello, A.L. (2024) Bat Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Database.
https://batnames.org/home.html
[16] 王宇洋. 蝙蝠病毒组学及潜在威胁病毒发现[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 北京协和医学院, 2023.
[17] Tian, J., Sun, J., Li, D., Wang, N., Wang, L., Zhang, C., et al. (2022) Emerging Viruses: Cross-Species Transmission of Coronaviruses, Filoviruses, Henipaviruses, and Rotaviruses from Bats. Cell Reports, 39, Article ID: 110969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Wilkinson, G.S. and South, J.M. (2002) Life History, Ecology and Longevity in Bats. Aging Cell, 1, 124-131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Gorbunova, V., Seluanov, A. and Kennedy, B.K. (2020) The World Goes Bats: Living Longer and Tolerating Viruses. Cell Metabolism, 32, 31-43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Jebb, D., Huang, Z., Pippel, M., Hughes, G.M., Lavrichenko, K., Devanna, P., et al. (2020) Six Reference-Quality Genomes Reveal Evolution of Bat Adaptations. Nature, 583, 578-584. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Wang, L., Gamage, A.M., Chan, W.O.Y., Hiller, M. and Teeling, E.C. (2021) Decoding Bat Immunity: The Need for a Coordinated Research Approach. Nature Reviews Immunology, 21, 269-271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Moratelli, R. and Calisher, C.H. (2015) Bats and Zoonotic Viruses: Can We Confidently Link Bats with Emerging Deadly Viruses? Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 110, 1-22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Biedenkopf, N., Bukreyev, A., Chandran, K., Di Paola, N., Formenty, P.B.H., Griffiths, A., et al. (2024) ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae 2024. Journal of General Virology, 105, Article ID: 001955. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Abir, M.H., Rahman, T., Das, A., Etu, S.N., Nafiz, I.H., Rakib, A., et al. (2022) Pathogenicity and Virulence of Marburg Virus. Virulence, 13, 609-633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Watanabe, S., Noda, T., Halfmann, P., Jasenosky, L. and Kawaoka, Y. (2007) Ebola Virus (EBOV) VP24 Inhibits Transcription and Replication of the EBOV Genome. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 196, S284-S290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Wilson, J.A., Bray, M., Bakken, R. and Hart, M.K. (2001) Vaccine Potential of Ebola Virus VP24, VP30, VP35, and VP40 Proteins. Virology, 286, 384-390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Brauburger, K., Hume, A.J., Mühlberger, E. and Olejnik, J. (2012) Forty-Five Years of Marburg Virus Research. Viruses, 4, 1878-1927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Taylor, D.J., Dittmar, K., Ballinger, M.J. and Bruenn, J.A. (2011) Evolutionary Maintenance of Filovirus-Like Genes in Bat Genomes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11, Article No. 336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Feldmann, H., Volchkov, V.E., Volchkova, V.A., Ströher, U. and Klenk, H. (2001) Biosynthesis and Role of Filoviral Glycoproteins. Journal of General Virology, 82, 2839-2848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Towner, J.S., Khristova, M.L., Sealy, T.K., Vincent, M.J., Erickson, B.R., Bawiec, D.A., et al. (2006) Marburgvirus Genomics and Association with a Large Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Angola. Journal of Virology, 80, 6497-6516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
https://ictv.global/taxonomy
[32] Pappalardo, M., Juliá, M., Howard, M.J., Rossman, J.S., Michaelis, M. and Wass, M.N. (2016) Conserved Differences in Protein Sequence Determine the Human Pathogenicity of Ebolaviruses. Scientific Reports, 6, Article No. 23743. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Languon, S. and Quaye, O. (2019) Filovirus Disease Outbreaks: A Chronological Overview. Virology: Research and Treatment, 10, 1-12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Odoom, T., El-Duah, P., Dumevi, R.M., Muzeniek, T., Tasiame, W., Abbiw, R.K., et al. (2026) Systematic Review on Marburg Virus Prevalence and Persistence in Animals. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 13, Article 1756506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[35] Rekedal, M.S., Ruhs, E.C., Ranaivoson, H.C., Mittal, N., Sterling, S.L., Kettenburg, G., et al. (2025) Serologic Evidence of Orthomarburgviruses and an Orthoebolavirus in Frugivorous Malagasy Bats. One Health Outlook, 7, Article No. 55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[36] Taniguchi, S., Watanabe, S., Masangkay, J.S., Omatsu, T., Ikegami, T., Alviola, P., et al. (2011) Reston Ebolavirus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17, 1559-1560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[37] Laing, E.D., Mendenhall, I.H., Linster, M., Low, D.H.W., Chen, Y., Yan, L., et al. (2018) Serologic Evidence of Fruit Bat Exposure to Filoviruses, Singapore, 2011-2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24, 114-117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] 蔡建秋. 蝙蝠感染丝状病毒的血清学调查[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2017.
[39] Zhang, C., Wang, Z., Cai, J., Yan, X., Zhang, F., Wu, J., et al. (2020) Seroreactive Profiling of Filoviruses in Chinese Bats Reveals Extensive Infection of Diverse Viruses. Journal of Virology, 94, e02042-19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Towner, J.S., Amman, B.R., Sealy, T.K., Carroll, S.A.R., Comer, J.A., Kemp, A., et al. (2009) Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats. PLOS Pathogens, 5, e1000536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Swanepoel, R., Leman, P.A., Burt, F.J., Zachariades, N.A., Braack, L.E.O., Ksiazek, T.G., et al. (1996) Experimental Inoculation of Plants and Animals with Ebola Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2, 321-325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Dhillon, R.S., Srikrishna, D., Garry, R.F. and Chowell, G. (2015) Ebola Control: Rapid Diagnostic Testing. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15, 147-148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Ndayambaje, M., Zaher, K., Wahnou, H., Iradukunda, P.G., Habyarimana, T., Gashema, P., et al. (2026) Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies for Marburg Virus Persistence in the Male Reproductive Tract: Insights from Ebola and Zika Viruses. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 72, 241-251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[44] Broadhurst, M.J., Brooks, T.J.G. and Pollock, N.R. (2016) Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29, 773-793. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Heimsch, K.C., Bleicker, T., Best, T.D., Presser, L.D., Molenkamp, R., Jääskeläinen, A.J., et al. (2025) Coordinated Implementation of a Conventional PCR Assay to Detect All Ebola and Marburg Virus Species in a European Laboratory Network. Journal of Clinical Virology, 178, Article ID: 105808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[46] Zhou, S., Liu, B., Han, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, L., Wu, Z., et al. (2021) ZOVER: The Database of Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Viruses. Nucleic Acids Research, 50, D943-D949. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Kemenesi, G., Kurucz, K., Dallos, B., Zana, B., Földes, F., Boldogh, S., et al. (2018) Re-Emergence of Lloviu Virus in Miniopterus schreibersii Bats, Hungary, 2016. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 7, 1-4. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[48] 闫晓敏. 我国蝙蝠携带RNA病毒的病原生态学研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 军事科学院, 2024.
[49] Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Jiang, R., Guo, H., Zhang, W., Li, B., et al. (2017) Genetically Diverse Filoviruses in Rousettus and Eonycteris spp. Bats, China, 2009 and 2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23, 482-486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[50] Goldstein, T., Anthony, S.J., Gbakima, A., Bird, B.H., Bangura, J., Tremeau-Bravard, A., et al. (2018) Author Correction: The Discovery of Bombali Virus Adds Further Support for Bats as Hosts of Ebolaviruses. Nature Microbiology, 3, 1486-1486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[51] Karan, L.S., Makenov, M.T., Korneev, M.G., Sacko, N., Boumbaly, S., Yakovlev, S.A., et al. (2019) Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bats, Guinea. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25, 1774-1775. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[52] Forbes, K.M., Webala, P.W., Jääskeläinen, A.J., Abdurahman, S., Ogola, J., Masika, M.M., et al. (2019) Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25, 955-957. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[53] Lebarbenchon, C., Goodman, S.M., Hoarau, A.O.G., Le Minter, G., Dos Santos, A., Schoeman, M.C., et al. (2022) Bombali Ebolavirus in Mops condylurus Bats (Molossidae), Mozambique. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28, 2583-2585. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Düx, A., Lwitiho, S.E., Ayouba, A., Röthemeier, C., Merkel, K., Weiss, S., et al. (2024) Detection of Bombali Virus in a Mops Condylurus Bat in Kyela, Tanzania. Viruses, 16, Article 1227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[55] Ogawa, H., Miyamoto, H., Nakayama, E., Yoshida, R., Nakamura, I., Sawa, H., et al. (2015) Seroepidemiological Prevalence of Multiple Species of Filoviruses in Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum) Migrating in Africa. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 212, S101-S108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[56] Jayme, S.I., Field, H.E., de Jong, C., Olival, K.J., Marsh, G., Tagtag, A.M., et al. (2015) Molecular Evidence of Ebola Reston Virus Infection in Philippine Bats. Virology Journal, 12, Article No. 107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[57] Olival, K.J., Islam, A., Yu, M., Anthony, S.J., Epstein, J.H., Khan, S.A., et al. (2013) Ebola Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats, Bangladesh. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19, 270-273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[58] Dovih, P., Laing, E.D., Chen, Y., Low, D.H.W., Ansil, B.R., Yang, X., et al. (2019) Filovirus-Reactive Antibodies in Humans and Bats in Northeast India Imply Zoonotic Spillover. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13, e0007733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[59] Leroy, E.M., Kumulungui, B., Pourrut, X., Rouquet, P., Hassanin, A., Yaba, P., et al. (2005) Fruit Bats as Reservoirs of Ebola Virus. Nature, 438, 575-576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[60] Seifert, S.N., Fischer, R.J., Kuisma, E., Badzi Nkoua, C., Bounga, G., Akongo, M., et al. (2022) Zaire Ebolavirus Surveillance near the Bikoro Region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the 2018 Outbreak Reveals Presence of Seropositive Bats. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16, e0010504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[61] Makenov, M.T., Boumbaly, S., Tolno, F.R., Sacko, N., N’Fatoma, L.T., Mansare, O., et al. (2023) Marburg Virus in Egyptian Rousettus Bats in Guinea: Investigation of Marburg Virus Outbreak Origin in 2021. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17, e0011279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[62] Amman, B.R., Bird, B.H., Bakarr, I.A., Bangura, J., Schuh, A.J., Johnny, J., et al. (2020) Isolation of Angola-Like Marburg Virus from Egyptian Rousette Bats from West Africa. Nature Communications, 11, Article No. 510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[63] Swanepoel, R., Smit, S.B., Rollin, P.E., Formenty, P., Leman, P.A., Kemp, A., et al. (2007) Studies of Reservoir Hosts for Marburg Virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13, 1847-1851. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[64] Paskey, A.C., Ng, J.H.J., Rice, G.K., Chia, W.N., Philipson, C.W., Foo, R.J.H., et al. (2020) The Temporal RNA Virome Patterns of a Lesser Dawn Bat (Eonycteris spelaea) Colony Revealed by Deep Sequencing. Virus Evolution, 6, veaa017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[65] Makenov, M.T., Le, L.A.T., Stukolova, O.A., Radyuk, E.V., Morozkin, E.S., Bui, N.T.T., et al. (2023) Detection of Filoviruses in Bats in Vietnam. Viruses, 15, Article 1785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

为你推荐