基于三阶段DEA的我国养老机构服务效率研究

A Study on the Service Efficiency of Elderly Care Institutions in China Based on Three-Stage DEA

摘要: 本研究基于2014~2023年全国30个省级行政区的面板数据，运用三阶段DEA模型，评估了我国养老机构的服务效率。研究发现：第一阶段测度的综合效率均值为0.864，但剔除环境因素后第三阶段效率均值降至0.764，说明外部环境对效率评价具有显著正向干扰。纯技术效率普遍较高，但规模效率偏低，成为制约综合效率提升的关键瓶颈。西部地区规模不经济问题突出，东部地区则存在资源冗余风险。环境因素中，经济发展水平易引发硬件投入冲动，而财政投入有助于减少资源浪费。建议政策应依据真实效率进行差异化扶持，推动区域规模结构优化，并调整财政激励方向，以提升养老机构整体服务效能。

Abstract: This study is based on panel data from 30 provincial-level administrative region, across the country from 2014 to 2023 and uses a three-stage DEA model to evaluate the service efficiency of elderly care institutions in China. The study found that the average comprehensive efficiency measured in the first stage was 0.864, but after eliminating environmental factors, the average efficiency in the third stage dropped to 0.764, indicating that external environments have a significant positive interference on efficiency evaluation. Pure technical efficiency is generally high, but scale efficiency is relatively low, becoming the key bottleneck restricting the improvement of comprehensive efficiency. The western region faces prominent issues of scale inefficiency, while the eastern region has risks of resource redundancy. Among environmental factors, the level of economic development tends to trigger hardware investment impulses, while fiscal input helps reduce resource waste. It is recommended that policies provide differentiated support based on actual efficiency, promote the optimization of regional scale structures, and adjust the direction of fiscal incentives to improve the overall service effectiveness of elderly care institutions.