健康老龄化视角下农村老年人农业劳动参与的双重效应

Dual Effects of Agricultural Labor Participation among Rural Older Adults from the Perspective of Healthy Aging

摘要: 在农村人口老龄化加深、青壮年劳动力持续外流和家庭农业经营仍然广泛存在的背景下，农村老年人并未完全退出农业劳动。本文从健康老龄化视角出发，运用概念分析与理论归纳方法，对农村老年人农业劳动参与的双重效应及其发生条件进行探讨。研究认为，农业劳动参与并非单向度地促进或损害健康，而是同时具有正向与负向影响：适度劳动有助于维持身体活动、稳定生活节律、增强角色认同并促进社会嵌入，从而对身体机能、心理状态和社会适应产生积极作用；而高强度、持续性或被动替代性质的劳动，则可能导致健康透支、慢性病加重、心理压力上升和生活质量下降。进一步看，这种双重效应具有明显的条件性和差异性，受个体健康基础、劳动特征和家庭支持状况等因素共同影响。本文认为，理解农村老年人农业劳动参与，关键不在于是否劳动，而在于劳动是否与其身体状况、生活需要和支持条件相匹配。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening population aging in rural areas, continued outflow of young and middle-aged labor, and the persistence of family-based agricultural management, many rural older adults have not fully withdrawn from agricultural work. From the perspective of healthy aging, this paper employs conceptual analysis and theoretical induction to examine the dual effects of agricultural labor participation among rural older adults and the conditions under which these effects occur. The analysis shows that agricultural labor participation neither simply promotes nor merely undermines health; instead, it has both positive and negative effects. Moderate labor can help maintain physical activity, stabilize daily rhythms, strengthen role identity, and promote social embeddedness, thereby benefiting physical functioning, psychological well-being, and social adaptation. In contrast, high-intensity, long-duration, or passively assumed agricultural labor may lead to health depletion, aggravation of chronic diseases, increased psychological stress, and reduced quality of life. Furthermore, these dual effects are conditional and differentiated, shaped by individual health status, labor characteristics, and family support. The paper argues that the key issue is not whether rural older adults participate in labor, but whether such labor matches their physical condition, life needs, and support resources.