农村留守老人的家庭支持缺失与社会风险研究

Research on the Lack of Family Support and Social Risks for Left-Behind Elderly in Rural Areas

摘要: 城镇化与深度老龄化背景下，农村留守老人家庭支持缺失问题日益凸显。本文基于社会支持理论与风险社会理论，从经济支持、生活照料、精神慰藉三维度分析其支持缺失引发的风险，基于宏观、中观、微观视角从城镇化、家庭结构变迁、个体条件限制三个维度剖析成因机制。研究表明，家庭支持缺失是多重因素叠加的系统性问题，需构建家庭 + 社区 + 政府 + 社会的多元协同支持体系，通过强化代际责任、完善制度保障、激活社区功能、培育社会力量，防范社会风险，保障农村留守老人养老权益。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of urbanization and deep population aging, the problem of insufficient family support for rural left-behind elderly has become increasingly prominent. Based on social support theory and risk society theory, this paper analyzes the risks triggered by the lack of family support from the three dimensions of economic support, daily care and spiritual solace. From macro, meso and micro perspectives, it explores the causes and mechanisms in terms of urbanization, changes in family structure and individual constraints. The research shows that the lack of family support is a systematic issue resulted from the superposition of multiple factors. It is essential to build a diversified collaborative support system involving families, communities, the government and society. By strengthening intergenerational obligations, improving institutional guarantees, revitalizing community functions and cultivating social forces, social risks can be prevented, and the elderly care rights and interests of rural left-behind elderly can be protected effectively.