数字反哺的机制与效果：家庭代际传播视角下老年人数字融入研究

Mechanisms and Effects of Digital Support: A Study of Older Adults’ Digital Inclusion from the Perspective of Intergenerational Transmission within the Family

摘要: 在数字化与老龄化双重社会进程叠加的背景下，家庭场域内的“数字反哺”已成为促进老年人数字融入的关键机制。本研究采用深度访谈法，通过对10个家庭的配对访谈，考察数字反哺的发生情境、互动过程及其对老年人数字融入和代际关系的深层影响。研究发现：第一，数字反哺主要发生于日常生活工具性需求、健康信息甄别、娱乐社交拓展三类典型情境，反哺内容呈现从操作技能传授到信息素养培育再到数字风险防范的递进特征。第二，家庭沟通模式深刻形塑反哺过程。第三，数字反哺是代际关系的“再协商”过程，既可能强化情感联结，也可能因权力反转引发新的家庭张力，老年人通过“选择性接受”“策略性回避”等方式进行主体性应对。研究建议重视家庭作为数字包容“第一现场”的作用，构建尊重老年人主体性的支持性家庭数字生态。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the overlapping social processes of digitalization and an aging population, “digital mentoring” within the family setting has become a key mechanism for promoting the digital inclusion of older adults. This study employs in-depth interviews, conducting paired interviews with 10 families to examine the contexts in which digital mentoring occurs, the interactive processes involved, and its profound impact on older adults’ digital inclusion and intergenerational relationships. The findings reveal: Firstly, digital reciprocity primarily occurs in three typical contexts: practical daily needs, health information evaluation, and the expansion of entertainment and social interaction. The content of this reciprocity exhibits a progressive trajectory, ranging from the teaching of operational skills to the cultivation of information literacy and, ultimately, the prevention of digital risks. Secondly, family communication patterns profoundly shape the process of digital reciprocity. Third, digital mentoring serves as a process of “renegotiating” intergenerational relationships; whilst it may strengthen emotional bonds, it may also generate new family tensions due to a reversal of power dynamics, with older adults responding proactively through “selective acceptance” and “strategic avoidance”. The study recommends prioritizing the family’s role as the “primary setting” for digital inclusion and building a supportive family digital ecosystem that respects the agency of older adults.