土地流转背景下的失地农民养老模式优化路径探究

Exploring the Optimization Path of Elderly Care Models for Land-Lost Farmers under the Background of Land Circulation

摘要: 土地流转是农业现代化与乡村振兴的重要推力，在优化土地资源配置的同时，也让失地农民群体面临传统养老保障体系瓦解的挑战。我国2.17亿65岁及以上老年人口中，失地老龄群体因收入结构重构、社会保障缺位、再就业能力不足等问题，陷入“离土未离乡、养老无依托”的困境。本文基于福利多元主义、新公共服务与马斯洛需求层次三大理论，结合江苏省连云港市D村、南通市N村田野调查，系统分析土地流转背景下失地农民养老的现实困境与成因，构建制度、服务、主体协同的三位一体养老模式优化框架，提出多层次养老保障体系建设、精准化服务供给、数字化赋能等具体路径，为破解失地农民养老难题、促进乡村振兴与共同富裕提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Land circulation serves as a crucial driving force for agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. While optimizing the allocation of land resources, it also exposes land-lost farmers to the challenge of the collapse of the traditional old-age security system. Among China’s 217 million elderly people aged 65 and above, the land-lost elderly group is trapped in the dilemma of “leaving the land but not the hometown, with no support for elderly care” due to problems such as the restructuring of income structure, the absence of social security, and insufficient re-employment ability. Based on the three theories of welfare pluralism, new public service and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, combined with field investigations in Village D of Lianyungang City and Village N of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, this paper systematically analyzes the practical dilemmas and causes of elderly care for land-lost farmers under the background of land circulation, constructs a trinity optimization framework of elderly care models featuring institutional coordination, service coordination and subject coordination, and puts forward specific paths such as the construction of a multi-level elderly care security system, precise service supply and digital empowerment, so as to provide theoretical support and practical reference for solving the elderly care problems of land-lost farmers and promoting rural revitalization and common prosperity.