人口老龄化背景下养老金融发展路径研究

Research on the Development Path of Pension Finance under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 在人口老龄化程度不断加深的背景下，养老保障体系的可持续发展面临新的挑战。养老金融作为连接金融体系与养老保障体系的重要制度安排，在养老金积累、风险保障以及养老服务体系建设等方面发挥着重要作用。本文在梳理人口老龄化发展趋势及养老金融相关理论的基础上，分析了我国养老金融发展的现实状况，并从制度结构与服务供给角度探讨当前存在的主要问题。研究发现，我国养老金融在发展过程中仍存在体系结构发展不均衡、养老金融产品与老年群体需求匹配度不足、养老产业金融支持体系不完善以及风险治理与监管机制有待加强等问题。针对上述问题，本文提出加强养老金融顶层制度设计、构建多层次养老金融发展体系、推动养老金融服务适老化转型以及完善养老金融风险防控与监管机制等发展路径，以期为完善我国养老金融体系、积极应对人口老龄化提供参考。

Abstract: With the deepening of population aging, the sustainability of the pension security system is facing increasing challenges. Pension finance, as an important institutional arrangement linking the financial system and the pension security system, plays a significant role in pension accumulation, risk protection, and the development of elderly care services. Based on the analysis of the development trend of population aging and relevant theories of pension finance, this paper examines the current situation of pension finance development in China and explores the main problems from the perspectives of institutional structure and service supply. The study finds that China’s pension finance still faces several challenges, including the imbalance in the structure of the pension finance system, the mismatch between pension financial products and the needs of the elderly population, the insufficient financial support system for the elderly care industry, and the need for improvement in risk governance and regulatory mechanisms. In response to these issues, this paper proposes several development paths, including strengthening the top-level institutional design of pension finance, building a multi-level pension finance system, promoting the age-friendly transformation of pension financial services, and improving risk prevention and regulatory mechanisms. These measures aim to further improve China’s pension finance system and provide reference for actively addressing the challenges brought by population aging.