数字乡村建设背景下农村智慧养老服务的研究进展

Research Progress on Rural Smart Elderly Care Services under Digital Rural Development

摘要: 在数字乡村建设与积极应对人口老龄化国家战略协同推进的背景下，农村智慧养老已成为破解农村养老困境的关键路径。本文基于国内外相关文献，结合《数字乡村建设指南2.0》等政策导向，系统梳理数字乡村背景下农村智慧养老服务的研究进展。文章首先界定数字乡村与农村智慧养老的内涵，阐述其理论发展逻辑。进而深入剖析了当前面临的现实困境：农村数字基础设施建设滞后导致“接入沟”、老年人数字素养低引发“使用沟”、供需结构失衡以及落地执行中多主体协同乏力等问题。针对上述困境，本文归纳五维优化路径：一是强化农村数字基建，弥合接入鸿沟；二是推进适老化产品研发，降低技术使用门槛；三是构建多层级智慧养老平台，实现城乡数据互通；四是培育多元化专业人才，提升服务效能；五是完善多主体协同机制，形成治理合力。本文旨在为数字乡村背景下农村智慧养老服务的高质量发展提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the coordinated advancement of digital rural development and China’s national strategy for active response to population aging, rural smart elderly care has become a core pathway to addressing the dilemmas of rural elderly care services. Grounded in domestic and international academic literature, as well as policy documents including the Digital Rural Development Action Plan (Version 2.0), this study systematically sorts out and reviews the research progress of rural smart elderly care services against the backdrop of digital rural construction. First, this study defines the core connotations of digital rural development and rural smart elderly care, and clarifies the intrinsic logical link between the two in theoretical evolution. On this basis, it dissects the key practical challenges facing current practices: the “access divide” caused by the lagging construction of rural digital infrastructure, the “usage barriers” induced by the generally low digital literacy of rural older adults, the persistent structural mismatch between service supply and demand, and the weak multi-stakeholder collaborative governance in the implementation process. Targeting these bottlenecks, this study proposes five targeted optimization paths: (1) Consolidate the construction of rural digital infrastructure to narrow the urban-rural access gap; (2) Advance age-friendly product and service innovation to reduce the technical threshold for older users; (3) Establish a multi-level smart elderly care service system to enable urban-rural data interconnection and sharing; (4) Cultivate a high-quality, diversified professional talent team to improve the quality and efficiency of services; (5) Refine the multi-stakeholder coordination mechanism to form collaborative governance synergy. This study is intended to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for promoting the high-quality development of rural smart elderly care services under the digital rural development framework.