农村留守老人养老模式的困境与创新路径研究——以兰陵县为例

A Study on the Challenges and Innovative Pathways of Elderly Care Models for Rural Left-Behind Elderly—A Case Study of Lanling County

摘要: 在城镇化深入推进与农村人口老龄化加剧的双重背景下，农村留守老人养老已成为乡村振兴进程中亟待破解的民生难题。兰陵县作为鲁南地区典型的农业大县，农村青壮年劳动力外流现象突出，留守老人群体规模庞大，传统养老模式面临诸多现实困境。本文以兰陵县为研究样本，通过整理分析，剖析该县留守老人养老在家庭支撑、服务供给、资金保障、人才队伍、精神慰藉等方面的核心困境，深挖城乡二元结构、家庭养老功能弱化、政策落地不足等深层成因，进而结合县域实际，构建“家庭尽责、政府主导、社会参与、市场补充”的多元协同养老创新体系，提出兼具针对性与可操作性的优化路径，为县域农村留守老人养老问题的解决提供实践参考，助力农村养老服务高质量发展与乡村全面振兴。

Abstract: Against the dual backdrop of advancing urbanization and the intensifying aging of the rural population, elderly care for left-behind elderly in rural areas has become an urgent livelihood issue in the process of rural revitalization. As a typical agricultural county in southern Shandong, Lanling County has experienced a significant outflow of young and middle-aged laborers, leading to a large and growing population of left-behind elderly, while traditional elderly care models are facing numerous practical challenges. Taking Lanling County as the research case, this study employs field investigation, data compilation, and case analysis to examine the elderly care situation of left-behind elderly in the county. It systematically analyzes key difficulties in terms of family support, service provision, financial support workforce development, and emotional care, and further explores underlying causes such as the long-standing urban-rural dual structure, the weakening of family-based care functions, and the insufficient implementation of relevant policies. Based on the actual conditions of the county, this study constructs a multi-dimensional collaborative elderly care system characterized by “family responsibility, government leadership, social participation, and market supplementation.” It proposes targeted and feasible optimization pathways, aiming to provide practical references for addressing elderly care issues among rural left-behind elderly, and to promote the high-quality development of rural elderly care services as well as the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas.