从“余热”到“柴薪”：银龄再就业的职业生态重构与政策激励研究

From “Twilight” to “Kindling”: Reconstructing the Occupational Ecology and Incentivizing Policies for Re-Employment of the Elderly

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程加速，银龄再就业已从零星现象发展为不可忽视的劳动力市场新力量。本文基于“积极老龄化”理论视角，系统分析了银龄再就业的职业生态现状与结构性特征，揭示了当前存在的社会保障缺位、市场平台滞后、社会认知偏差等深层困境。研究发现，银龄再就业并非与年轻人的“零和博弈”，而是以“代际错位”方式填补劳动力市场结构性空缺。在此基础上，本文从法律保障、市场平台、职业培训、社会文化四个维度提出我国银龄再就业的政策激励路径，旨在推动老年人力资源从“余热”向“柴薪”的角色转型，实现劳动力市场的代际共生与可持续发展。

Abstract: As the aging of China’s population accelerates, senior re-employment has evolved from a sporadic phenomenon into a significant new force in the labor market. From the perspective of “active aging” theory, this paper systematically analyzes the current state and structural characteristics of the occupational ecology of senior re-employment. It reveals deep-seated challenges such as inadequate social security, underdeveloped market platforms, and prevailing social cognitive biases. The study finds that senior re-employment does not constitute a “zero-sum game” with younger workers; instead, it fills structural gaps in the labor market through a pattern of “intergenerational dislocation.” On this basis, the paper proposes policy incentive pathways for senior re-employment in China from four dimensions—legal protection, market platforms, vocational training, and social culture—aiming to transform the role of older human resources from providing “surplus heat” to becoming “kindling,” thereby fostering intergenerational symbiosis and sustainable development in the labor market.