人工智能技术与制造业服务化转型

Artificial Intelligence Technology and the Servitization Transformation of Manufacturing

摘要: 人工智能技术应用正深刻推动制造业服务化转型。本文基于技术–经济范式和价值链等理论，利用2012~2023年中国A股上市制造业企业数据，探究人工智能对制造业服务化的影响效应与传导路径。研究发现：(1) 人工智能技术应用显著提升了制造业服务化水平，该结论在一系列稳健性检验与内生性检验后依然成立；(2) 人工智能技术通过优化人力资本结构、成本降低效应两条路径驱动制造业服务化；(3) 进一步分析显示，人工智能技术对制造业服务化的影响受行业类型、要素类型的显著调节，在高科技企业、劳动密集型企业中效果更为明显。本文丰富和拓展了人工智能技术与制造业服务化领域的相关研究，为理解人工智能赋能制造业服务化提供了经验证据，也为分类施策推动制造业智能化与服务化融合发展提供了政策启示。

Abstract: The application of artificial intelligence technology is profoundly driving the servitization transformation of the manufacturing industry. Drawing on the techno-economic paradigm and value chain theory, this study investigates the effects and transmission mechanisms of artificial intelligence on manufacturing servitization using data from Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2012 to 2023. The findings are as follows: (1) The application of artificial intelligence technology significantly enhances the servitization level of the manufacturing industry, a conclusion that holds true after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity tests; (2) Artificial intelligence drives manufacturing servitization through two pathways: optimizing human capital structure and reducing costs; (3) Further analysis reveals that the impact of artificial intelligence on manufacturing servitization is significantly moderated by industry type and factor intensity, with more pronounced effects observed in high-tech enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises. This study enriches and expands research in the fields of artificial intelligence and manufacturing servitization, providing empirical evidence for understanding how artificial intelligence enables the servitization of manufacturing. It also offers policy implications for promoting the integrated development of intelligent manufacturing and servitization through targeted measures.