江门城市社区“嵌入式托育”体系构建研究

Research on the Construction of the “Embedded Nursery Care” System in Urban Communities of Jiangmen

摘要: 在生育支持政策体系不断完善、普惠性托育服务需求持续攀升的背景下，社区嵌入式托育成为破解城市育儿难题的重要路径。本文基于“社会嵌入”理论，采用文献分析法、案例分析法、问卷调查法与访谈法，对江门市7个市(区)、52个街(镇)的城市社区嵌入式托育服务开展为期六个月的专项调研，系统梳理江门市嵌入式托育服务的政策布局、实践成效与服务内容，深入剖析当前存在的供需矛盾突出、服务质量参差不齐、专业人才短缺等核心问题，并从政策落地、行业规范、社会认知等维度探究问题成因。同时，借鉴深圳市在场地利用、政企合作、服务模式等方面的典型实践经验，结合江门市经济社会发展实际，从政府角色定位、监督管理机制、资源整合与平台建设三个核心维度，提出构建适配江门的城市社区嵌入式托育服务体系的具体路径，旨在为江门市完善普惠性托育服务体系、推动生育友好型社会建设提供实践参考，也为珠三角中小城市嵌入式托育服务发展提供可复制的思路。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the continuous improvement of the fertility support policy system and the rising demand for inclusive nursery care services, community-embedded nursery care has become an important approach to solving urban childcare problems. Based on the “social embedding” theory, this paper adopted the methods of literature analysis, case analysis, questionnaire survey and interview to conduct a six-month special investigation on the community-embedded nursery care services in 7 districts (cities) and 52 subdistricts (towns) of Jiangmen. It systematically sorted out the policy layout, practical effects and service content of embedded nursery care services in Jiangmen, and deeply analyzed the core problems currently existing, such as prominent supply-demand contradiction, uneven service quality and shortage of professional talents, as well as explored the causes of these problems from the dimensions of policy implementation, industry norms and social cognition. Meanwhile, drawing on the typical practical experience of Shenzhen in space utilization, government-enterprise cooperation and service models, and combining with the actual economic and social development of Jiangmen, this paper put forward specific paths for constructing a community-embedded nursery care service system adapted to Jiangmen from three core dimensions: government role positioning, supervision and management mechanism, and resource integration and platform construction. The research aims to provide practical references for Jiangmen to improve the inclusive nursery care service system and promote the construction of a fertility-friendly society, as well as offer replicable ideas for the development of embedded nursery care services in small and medium-sized cities in the Pearl River Delta.