高陡双复杂地区成像采集技术设计实践——以四川盆地川东LS-BD三维为例

Practice of Acquisition Technology Design for Imaging in High Steep and Dual-Complex Areas—Taking the LS-BD 3D Project in Eastern Sichuan Basin as an Example

摘要: 高陡双复杂地区的地震勘探面临着成像精度低、资料信噪比差等技术难题，严重制约了油气资源勘探开发的成效。本文以四川盆地川东LS-BD工区三维地震勘探为例，针对该工区高陡地层倾角、地表条件复杂、地下构造复杂的“双复杂”特征，从采集技术设计角度开展实践研究。通过建立工区地质模型与正演模拟，优化观测系统参数(道距、炮距、覆盖次数等)，采用“宽方位、小面元、高覆盖”的采集技术方案，并结合表层结构调查与激发接收条件优化，有效改善了复杂构造的成像效果。实际采集数据处理结果显示，资料信噪比较好，主要目的层振幅关系清晰，能满足解释需求，验证了该采集技术设计方案的有效性，为同类高陡双复杂地区的地震采集工作提供了可靠的技术参考。

Abstract: The seismic exploration in high steep and dual-complex areas faces technical challenges such as low imaging accuracy and poor signal-to-noise ratio, which seriously restricts the effectiveness of oil and gas resource exploration and development. This article takes the three-dimensional seismic exploration of the LS-BD work area in eastern Sichuan Basin as an example, and conducts practical research from the perspective of acquisition technology design to address the “dual complexity” characteristics of high and steep dip angles, complex surface conditions, and complex underground structures in the work area. By establishing a geological model and forward simulation of the work area, optimizing observation system parameters (such as track spacing, shot spacing, coverage times, etc.), adopting a “wide azimuth, small face element, high coverage” acquisition technology scheme, and combining surface structure investigation and excitation reception condition optimization, the imaging effect of complex structures has been effectively improved. The actual data processing results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is relatively good, and the amplitude relationship of the main target layer is clear, which can meet the interpretation requirements. This verifies the effectiveness of the acquisition technology design scheme and provides a reliable technical reference for seismic acquisition work in similar high steep double complex areas.