黄河源区羊曲–班多段水生生物资源调查研究

Investigation on Aquatic Biological Resources in the Yangqu-Banduo Reach of the Yellow River Source Region

摘要: 为了解黄河源区羊曲–班多段水生生物资源现状，于2023年和2025年，对黄河源区羊曲–班多段敞水区(A)、回水湾(B)、浅滩(C)等3个不同类型典型生境断面进行了水生生物资源调查。结果显示：调查区域共检出浮游植物43种，浮游动物6种，底栖动物16种，鱼类8种，各样点间水生物群落结构具有一定的空间异质性。多样性分析结果表明，浮游动物多样性阈值为1.52，群落稳定性较强；浮游植物、底栖动物以及鱼类多样性阈值分别为0.84、1.06、1.05，群落结构稳定性一般。总体来看，调查区域水生生物资源量偏低，与该流域特殊的高海拔、冷水水生生态系统有关。该研究结果为黄河流域水生态系统的保护提供基础数据和现实参考。

Abstract: In order to understand the current status of aquatic biological resources of the Yellow River Source Region, a aquatic biological resources survey was conducted in 2023 and 2025 in three typical habitat types—open water area (A), backwater bay (B), and shallow shoal (C)—along the Yangqu–Banduo reach of the Yellow River Source Region. The survey results showed that a total of 43 species of phytoplankton, 6 species of zooplankton, 16 species of benthic macroinvertebrates, and 8 species of fish were identified in the study area, and the aquatic community structure exhibited certain spatial heterogeneity among sampling sites. Diversity analysis indicated that the diversity threshold of zooplankton is 1.52, indicating relatively strong community stability; while the diversity thresholds of phytoplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish are 0.84, 1.06, and 1.05, respectively, suggesting moderate community structural stability. In general, the low abundance of aquatic biological resources in the surveyed area is attributable to the distinctive high-altitude and cold-water aquatic ecosystem characteristic of this river basin. The findings of this study provide basic data and a practical reference for the protection of the aquatic ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin.