电厂燃气轮机的NO_x污染危害及治理技术现状

Hazards of NO_x Pollution from Gas Turbines in Power Plants and Current Status of Abatement Technologies

摘要: 燃气轮机作为一种常用的发电设备，与传统的燃煤锅炉相比，其尾气含尘量极低，主要以CO₂和水为主，无需复杂处理，环保优势显著。但是燃气轮机在运行过程中依然避免不了NO_x的生成。NO_x根据生成机制和条件分为热力型、燃料型和快速型三类。NO_x的危害涵盖人体健康、生态环境、气候系统及材料设施等多个维度。针对该问题，详细介绍了目前NO_x的主要治理技术。NO_x的治理技术分为源头控制与末端治理：源头控制以低氮燃烧技术为核心，包括分级燃烧、烟气再循环、富氧燃烧、MILD技术以及氢/氨新能源燃料掺烧的NO_x控制技术。末端治理则包括干法与湿法脱硝技术。未来需聚焦现有技术优化、多技术协同、绿色低碳创新及政策驱动下的超净排放技术开发，为电厂燃气轮机的清洁高效运行提供支撑。

Abstract: NO_x is classified into three categories based on its formation mechanisms and conditions: thermal, fuel-bound, and prompt types. The hazards of NO_x span multiple dimensions, including human health, ecological environment, climate system, and material facilities. Abatement technologies are divided into source control and end-of-pipe treatment: Source control centers on low-NO_x combustion technologies, including staged combustion, flue gas recirculation, oxygen-enriched combustion, and MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution) technology, which suppress NO_x formation by optimizing combustion conditions. End-of-pipe treatment encompasses dry and wet denitration technologies, which achieve NO_x removal through chemical reactions. Among them, dry denitration includes selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technologies; wet denitration includes oxidative absorption, absorptive reduction, and complexation absorption technologies. In the future, focus should be placed on the optimization of existing technologies, synergy of multiple technologies, green and low-carbon innovation, and the development of ultra-clean emission technologies driven by policies, so as to provide support for the clean and efficient operation of gas turbines in power plants.